And*_*ykh 24 c# compilation csc roslyn .net-core
在旧的.net中,我们曾经能够运行csc编译器来编译单个cs文件或多个文件.使用.net核心,我们csc坚持拥有一个合适的项目文件.是否有一个独立的命令行编译器,它允许编译源代码文件而无需项目(并列出在同一命令行上引用的依赖项)？
在Linux上,当我安装了旧的csc和新的.net核心时,我得到了这些时间:
[root@li1742-80 test]# time dotnet build
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.3.409.57025 for .NET Core
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
test -> /root/test/bin/Debug/netcoreapp2.0/test.dll
Build succeeded.
0 Warning(s)
0 Error(s)
Time Elapsed 00:00:03.94
real 0m7.027s
user 0m5.714s
sys 0m0.838s
[root@li1742-80 test]# time csc Program.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.0.61801 (3722bb71)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
real 0m0.613s
user 0m0.522s
sys 0m0.071s
[root@li1742-80 test]#
使用.net核心注意7秒,使用旧csc注意几百毫秒dotnet build.
我希望能够使用.net核心快速编译,因为我曾经能够使用csc.
Iva*_*van 22
接受的答案是指使用System.Private.CoreLib.dllwhich 是运行时程序集，不推荐使用。来自C# 编译器开发人员的评论：
不支持尝试使用运行时程序集作为编译引用，并且经常破坏运行时程序集的结构
相反，应该使用引用程序集。引用程序集在运行期间从 NuGet 中获取，dotnet build并且csc在dotnet以增加的详细程度 ( dotnet build --verbosity normal)运行CLI时可以看到完整的调用。有人可能会看到像集的引用System.Runtime.dll并System.Console.dll从microsoft.netcore.appNuGet包。
但是，对于简单的单个文件Hello, World! 编译，可以参考netstandard.dll.NET Core 2.2 存在于<installation-directory>/sdk/2.2.203/ref/netstandard.dll.
请注意，为了运行生成的可执行文件，必须创建dotnet HelloWorld.exe相应的文件 HelloWorld.runtimeconfig.json，其中包含目标 .NET Core 运行时版本。我们将通过为控制台 (NETCoreApp) 应用程序创建一个通用的运行时配置以及随附的别名来简化它csc_run。
在您的~/.profile:
#!/usr/bin/env sh
# IMPORTANT: make sure dotnet is present in PATH before the next lines
# prepare csc alias
DOTNETDIR=$(dirname $(dirname $(dotnet --info | grep "Base Path" | cut -d' ' -f 6)))
CSCPATH=$(find $DOTNETDIR -name csc.dll -print | sort | tail -n1)
NETSTANDARDPATH=$(find $DOTNETDIR -path *sdk/*/ref/netstandard.dll ! -path *NuGetFallback* -print | sort | tail -n1)
alias csc='dotnet $CSCPATH /r:$NETSTANDARDPATH '
# prepare csc_run alias
if [ ! -w "$DOTNETDIR" ]; then
mkdir -p $HOME/.dotnet
DOTNETDIR=$HOME/.dotnet
fi
DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG=$DOTNETDIR/csc-console-apps.runtimeconfig.json
alias csc_run='dotnet exec --runtimeconfig $DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG '
if [ ! -f $DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG ]; then
DOTNETRUNTIMEVERSION=$(dotnet --list-runtimes |
grep Microsoft\.NETCore\.App | tail -1 | cut -d' ' -f2)
cat << EOF > $DOTNETCSCRUNTIMECONFIG
{
"runtimeOptions": {
"framework": {
"name": "Microsoft.NETCore.App",
"version": "$DOTNETRUNTIMEVERSION"
}
}
}
EOF
fi
退出并启动 shell 以重新加载配置文件（. ~/.profile如果您不想离开当前会话，则使用它）。
用法：
cat << EOF > ./Program.cs
class Program
{
static void Main() => System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
}
EOF
csc -out:hwapp.exe Program.cs
csc_run hwapp.exe
# Hello World!
Jac*_*ski 20
是的,可以使用.NET Core中的csc或vbc编译器编译单个文件.
; TL; DR; 直接调用罗斯林编译器就必须使用命令行驱动器CSC.{EXE | DLL}以来罗斯林对比老CSC.EXE不引用mscorlib.dll中暗示,有必要通过参考所需的依赖关系,即System.Runtime与System.Private.CoreLib图书馆和任何其他必要的参考.以下清单显示了如何编译以下System.Runtime.dll程序.
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
}
}
}
使用安装了Ubuntu 16.04和dotnet-sdk-2.0.0的WSL:
time dotnet /usr/share/dotnet/sdk/2.0.0/Roslyn/csc.exe -r:/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/2.0.0/System.Private.CoreLib.dll -r:/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/2.0.0/System.Console.dll -r:/usr/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App/2.0.0/System.Runtime.dll HelloWorld.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.2.61921 (ad0efbb6)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
real 0m0.890s
user 0m0.641s
sys 0m0.250s
ls -li
total 4
4785074604720852 -rw-rw-rw- 1 developer developer 178 Dec 7 15:07 HelloWorld.cs
11821949022487213 -rw-rw-rw- 1 developer developer 4096 Dec 7 15:13 HelloWorld.exe
传递给编译器的必需依赖项在不同平台上是不同的,即在Windows上它足以通过System.Console.dll,System.Private.CoreLib.dll而在Ubuntu 16.04上则需要另外传递csc.dll.不同的SDK版本将具有位于不同位置的Roslyn和命令行驱动程序 - 版本之间的SDK布局更改 - 以及最新的2.2.2 SDK附带vbc.dll和csc.exe而不是vbc.exe和csc.exe.因此,在使用此方法之前,有必要检查SDK布局.
详细解释
罗斯林编译器设计有点不同的方式比以前使用vbc.exe和VBCSCompiler.exe编译器.首先,Roslyn是用C#和VB编写的,是一个托管的.NET应用程序.在Windows上,它主要用作在服务器进程csc.exe(.dll)中运行的公共服务.但是,Roslyn附带托管命令行驱动程序vbc.exe和csc.dll(最新的dotnet SDK版本附带vbc.dll和dotnet csc.exe -help),可用于直接从命令行编译源文件.无论如何,这正是dotnet中的构建系统通过命令行调用Roslyn的原因.运行简单Ready To Run命令将打印使用信息,这将指导直接从命令行使用编译器(参见上一个清单).
旧的本机编译器和Roslyn之间的主要区别在于后者是托管应用程序,这是启动时间.Roslyn甚至在被编译为R2R本机程序集(corefx)后,需要首先加载整个dotnet框架,初始化它,然后加载Roslyn程序集并开始编译过程.然而,它总是比运行本机编译器慢一点,从上面的时间可以看出,速度并不慢.
几天前,有一篇新文档文章被添加到System.Runtimerepo中,描述了高级场景 - 使用csc/vbc和CoreRun构建和运行应用程序代码.任何有兴趣的人都可以将它作为指导如何在.NET Core的低级别工作.
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.2.61921 (ad0efbb6)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Visual C# Compiler Options
- OUTPUT FILES -
/out:<file> Specify output file name (default: base name of
file with main class or first file)
/target:exe Build a console executable (default) (Short
form: /t:exe)
/target:winexe Build a Windows executable (Short form:
/t:winexe)
/target:library Build a library (Short form: /t:library)
/target:module Build a module that can be added to another
assembly (Short form: /t:module)
/target:appcontainerexe Build an Appcontainer executable (Short form:
/t:appcontainerexe)
/target:winmdobj Build a Windows Runtime intermediate file that
is consumed by WinMDExp (Short form: /t:winmdobj)
/doc:<file> XML Documentation file to generate
/refout:<file> Reference assembly output to generate
/platform:<string> Limit which platforms this code can run on: x86,
Itanium, x64, arm, anycpu32bitpreferred, or
anycpu. The default is anycpu.
- INPUT FILES -
/recurse:<wildcard> Include all files in the current directory and
subdirectories according to the wildcard
specifications
/reference:<alias>=<file> Reference metadata from the specified assembly
file using the given alias (Short form: /r)
/reference:<file list> Reference metadata from the specified assembly
files (Short form: /r)
/addmodule:<file list> Link the specified modules into this assembly
/link:<file list> Embed metadata from the specified interop
assembly files (Short form: /l)
/analyzer:<file list> Run the analyzers from this assembly
(Short form: /a)
/additionalfile:<file list> Additional files that don't directly affect code
generation but may be used by analyzers for producing
errors or warnings.
/embed Embed all source files in the PDB.
/embed:<file list> Embed specific files in the PDB
- RESOURCES -
/win32res:<file> Specify a Win32 resource file (.res)
/win32icon:<file> Use this icon for the output
/win32manifest:<file> Specify a Win32 manifest file (.xml)
/nowin32manifest Do not include the default Win32 manifest
/resource:<resinfo> Embed the specified resource (Short form: /res)
/linkresource:<resinfo> Link the specified resource to this assembly
(Short form: /linkres) Where the resinfo format
is <file>[,<string name>[,public|private]]
- CODE GENERATION -
/debug[+|-] Emit debugging information
/debug:{full|pdbonly|portable|embedded}
Specify debugging type ('full' is default,
'portable' is a cross-platform format,
'embedded' is a cross-platform format embedded into
the target .dll or .exe)
/optimize[+|-] Enable optimizations (Short form: /o)
/deterministic Produce a deterministic assembly
(including module version GUID and timestamp)
/refonly Produce a reference assembly in place of the main output
/instrument:TestCoverage Produce an assembly instrumented to collect
coverage information
/sourcelink:<file> Source link info to embed into PDB.
- ERRORS AND WARNINGS -
/warnaserror[+|-] Report all warnings as errors
/warnaserror[+|-]:<warn list> Report specific warnings as errors
/warn:<n> Set warning level (0-4) (Short form: /w)
/nowarn:<warn list> Disable specific warning messages
/ruleset:<file> Specify a ruleset file that disables specific
diagnostics.
/errorlog:<file> Specify a file to log all compiler and analyzer
diagnostics.
/reportanalyzer Report additional analyzer information, such as
execution time.
- LANGUAGE -
/checked[+|-] Generate overflow checks
/unsafe[+|-] Allow 'unsafe' code
/define:<symbol list> Define conditional compilation symbol(s) (Short
form: /d)
/langversion:<string> Specify language version mode: ISO-1, ISO-2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 7.1, Default, or Latest
- SECURITY -
/delaysign[+|-] Delay-sign the assembly using only the public
portion of the strong name key
/publicsign[+|-] Public-sign the assembly using only the public
portion of the strong name key
/keyfile:<file> Specify a strong name key file
/keycontainer:<string> Specify a strong name key container
/highentropyva[+|-] Enable high-entropy ASLR
- MISCELLANEOUS -
@<file> Read response file for more options
/help Display this usage message (Short form: /?)
/nologo Suppress compiler copyright message
/noconfig Do not auto include CSC.RSP file
/parallel[+|-] Concurrent build.
/version Display the compiler version number and exit.
- ADVANCED -
/baseaddress:<address> Base address for the library to be built
/checksumalgorithm:<alg> Specify algorithm for calculating source file
checksum stored in PDB. Supported values are:
SHA1 (default) or SHA256.
/codepage:<n> Specify the codepage to use when opening source
files
/utf8output Output compiler messages in UTF-8 encoding
/main:<type> Specify the type that contains the entry point
(ignore all other possible entry points) (Short
form: /m)
/fullpaths Compiler generates fully qualified paths
/filealign:<n> Specify the alignment used for output file
sections
/pathmap:<K1>=<V1>,<K2>=<V2>,...
Specify a mapping for source path names output by
the compiler.
/pdb:<file> Specify debug information file name (default:
output file name with .pdb extension)
/errorendlocation Output line and column of the end location of
each error
/preferreduilang Specify the preferred output language name.
/nostdlib[+|-] Do not reference standard library (mscorlib.dll)
/subsystemversion:<string> Specify subsystem version of this assembly
/lib:<file list> Specify additional directories to search in for
references
/errorreport:<string> Specify how to handle internal compiler errors:
prompt, send, queue, or none. The default is
queue.
/appconfig:<file> Specify an application configuration file
containing assembly binding settings
/moduleassemblyname:<string> Name of the assembly which this module will be
a part of
/modulename:<string> Specify the name of the source module
可以使用以下命令直接调用编译器
$ /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/2.0.0/Roslyn/RunCsc.sh
但是，如果没有支持的项目基础结构，此特定命令可能不会很有帮助，因为您需要手动传入所有.NET Core或.NET Standard参考程序集，通常由SDK和NuGet处理。您会收到如下错误：
$ /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/2.0.0/Roslyn/RunCsc.sh Program.cs
Microsoft (R) Visual C# Compiler version 2.3.2.61921 (ad0efbb6)
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Program.cs(1,7): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'System' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
Program.cs(5,11): error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.Object' is not defined or imported
Program.cs(7,26): error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.String' is not defined or imported
Program.cs(7,16): error CS0518: Predefined type 'System.Void' is not defined or imported