Python3字典值被覆盖

Bil*_*gan 2 python dictionary list python-3.x

我的字典有问题。我正在使用Python3。我敢肯定我只是看不到一些简单的东西。

我正在从文件中读取行以创建字典。每行的前3个字符用作键(它们是唯一的)。从那里,我根据该行其余部分的信息创建一个列表。每4个字符组成一个列表。创建列表后,我将目录作为值写入目录,并将行的前三个字符作为键。

问题是,每次我向字典中添加新的key:value对时,它似乎都会覆盖(或更新)先前编写的字典条目中的值。键很好,只是更改了值。因此,最后,所有键的值都等于文件最后一行的列表。

我希望这很清楚。任何想法将不胜感激。

下面的代码片段

formatDict = dict()  
sectionList = list()  
for usableLine in formatFileHandle:  
    lineLen = len(usableLine)  
    section = usableLine[:3]  
    x = 3  
    sectionList.clear()  
    while x < lineLen:  
        sectionList.append(usableLine[x:x+4])  
        x += 4
    formatDict[section] = sectionList  
for k, v in formatDict.items():  
    print ("for key= ", k, "value =", v)  
formatFileHandle.close()  
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MSe*_*ert 5

您总是先清除,然后追加然后插入相同的内容sectionList,这就是为什么它总是会覆盖条目的原因-因为您告诉程序应该这样做。

永远记住:在Python作业中永远不会复制!

简单修复

只需插入一个副本:

formatDict[section] = sectionList.copy()    # changed here
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而不是插入引用:

formatDict[section] = sectionList  
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复杂的修复

发生了很多事情,您可以通过使用诸如分组之类的子任务功能使它“更好”,还应该使用文件打开文件,with以便即使发生异常并自动关闭文件,也应该while循环到结束位置被避免。

我个人将使用如下代码:

def groups(seq, width):
    """Group a sequence (seq) into width-sized blocks. The last block may be shorter."""
    length = len(seq)
    for i in range(0, length, width):   # range supports a step argument!
        yield seq[i:i+width]

# Printing the dictionary could be useful in other places as well -> so
# I also created a function for this.
def print_dict_line_by_line(dct):  
    """Print dictionary where each key-value pair is on one line."""
    for key, value in dct.items():
        print("for key =", key, "value =", value)

def mytask(filename):
    formatDict = {}
    with open(filename) as formatFileHandle:
        # I don't "strip" each line (remove leading and trailing whitespaces/newlines)
        # but if you need that you could also use:
        # for usableLine in (line.strip() for line in formatFileHandle):
        # instead.
        for usableLine in formatFileHandle:
            section = usableLine[:3]
            sectionList = list(groups(usableLine[3:]))
            formatDict[section] = sectionList
    # upon exiting the "with" scope the file is closed automatically!
    print_dict_line_by_line(formatDict)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mytask('insert your filename here')
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