复合 mdfind 搜索

Question

目标是查找某个州或国家/地区的所有图像。

mdfind kind:image

会找到所有图像

mdfind "kMDItemCountry == 'United States'"

将找到具有此属性的所有文件。

mdfind kind:image "kMDItemCountry == 'United States'" 

失败。我尝试过使用 && 和 () 的各种分组，但无法使其工作。如何成功地将“kind:image”与 kMDIxxx 等属性搜索结合起来？

Answer 1

我有机会做了一些实验，了解其mdfind真正的工作原理，而不是它的记录方式——两者是不同的。

tardis.png首先，让我们看一下我的 Mac 上挂着的一个名为的文件的 Spotlight 数据。

mdls tardis.png

输出

_kMDItemOwnerUserID            = 501
kMDItemBitsPerSample           = 32
kMDItemColorSpace              = "RGB"
kMDItemContentCreationDate     = 2017-05-31 14:15:03 +0000
kMDItemContentModificationDate = 2017-05-31 14:15:03 +0000
kMDItemContentType             = "public.png"
kMDItemContentTypeTree         = (
    "public.png",
    "public.item",
    "public.png",
    "public.data",
    "public.image",
    "public.content"
)
kMDItemCreator                 = "Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Macintosh)"
kMDItemDateAdded               = 2017-05-31 14:15:23 +0000
kMDItemDisplayName             = "tardis.png"
kMDItemFSContentChangeDate     = 2017-05-31 14:15:23 +0000
kMDItemFSCreationDate          = 2017-05-31 14:15:22 +0000
kMDItemFSCreatorCode           = "8BIM"
kMDItemFSFinderFlags           = 0
kMDItemFSHasCustomIcon         = (null)
kMDItemFSInvisible             = 0
kMDItemFSIsExtensionHidden     = 0
kMDItemFSIsStationery          = (null)
kMDItemFSLabel                 = 0
kMDItemFSName                  = "tardis.png"
kMDItemFSNodeCount             = (null)
kMDItemFSOwnerGroupID          = 20
kMDItemFSOwnerUserID           = 501
kMDItemFSSize                  = 1488497
kMDItemFSTypeCode              = "PNGf"
kMDItemHasAlphaChannel         = 0
kMDItemKind                    = "Portable Network Graphics image"
kMDItemLogicalSize             = 1488497
kMDItemOrientation             = 1
kMDItemPhysicalSize            = 1490944
kMDItemPixelCount              = 2091600
kMDItemPixelHeight             = 1494
kMDItemPixelWidth              = 1400
kMDItemProfileName             = "sRGB IEC61966-2.1"
kMDItemResolutionHeightDPI     = 72
kMDItemResolutionWidthDPI      = 72

这是匹配并列出该文件的查询：

mdfind -onlyin . "(kMDItemPixelHeight>1500 || kMDItemPixelWidth=1400)&& kMDItemKind='*image*' && kMDItemProfileName='srgb*'c"

这展示了如何使用&&(AND) 和||(OR) 进行复合搜索、如何对括号内的条件进行分组(conditionA || conditionB)以及如何进行不区分大小写的搜索（通过c在搜索字符串后附加）。

示例：也许更多供我自己参考；-)

列出我在 Mac 上用于制作图片的所有相机和扫描仪：

mdfind -0 kind:image |  xargs -0 mdls -n kMDItemAcquisitionModel | sort -u
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "645 PRO Mk III for iOS"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "BlackBerry 8900"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "BlackBerry 9000"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 5D Mark III"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 5D"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 7D Mark II"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 7D"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1D Mark II N"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1D Mark IV"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1D X"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1DS"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "EOS-1Ds Mark III"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "EPSON Perfection 4990"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "NIKON D800"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "NIKON D800E"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Perfection 4990"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Perfection4990"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "PerfectionV700  "
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "PerfectionV700"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "TANGO           "
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "TANGO"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPad mini 4"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPad mini"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPad"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 3G"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 3GS"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 4"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 4S"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 5"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 5s"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 6"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 6s"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone SE"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone"

查找用 iPhone 6 拍摄的所有照片：

mdfind "kMDItemAcquisitionModel='*iPhone*6*'"

注意事项：

• 手册页说-onlyin将搜索范围限制为指定目录。这实际上并不正确，因为它也会递归到包含的目录中。

• 在比较中使用单等号 ( =) 还是双等号 ( )似乎没有什么区别。==

• 文档说您可以用于string==[c]"pattern"不区分大小写的搜索，这是不正确的，我上面显示的语法至少在 macOS Sierra 上有效。