如何在django中获取用户IP地址？

Question

如何在django中获取用户的IP？

我有这样的观点:

# Create your views
from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
from django.template import  RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response


def home(request):
  g = GeoIP()
  client_ip = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
  lat,long = g.lat_lon(client_ip)
  return render_to_response('home_page_tmp.html',locals())

但我得到这个错误:

KeyError at /mypage/
    'REMOTE_ADDR'
    Request Method: GET
    Request URL:    http://mywebsite.com/mypage/
    Django Version: 1.2.4
    Exception Type: KeyError
    Exception Value:    
    'REMOTE_ADDR'
    Exception Location: /mysite/homepage/views.py in home, line 9
    Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
    Python Version: 2.6.6
    Python Path:    ['/mysite', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6', '/usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6']
    Server time:    Sun, 2 Jan 2011 20:42:50 -0600

Answer 1

def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

确保正确配置了反向代理(如果有)(例如,mod_rpaf为Apache安装).

注意:以上使用了第一项X-Forwarded-For,但您可能想要使用最后一项(例如,在Heroku的情况下:在Heroku上获取客户端的真实IP地址)

然后将请求作为参数传递给它;

get_client_ip(request)

Answer 2

您可以使用支持Python 2和3的django-ipware并处理IPv4和IPv6.

安装:

pip install django-ipware

简单用法:

获取客户端的IP地址.

# In a view or a middleware where the `request` object is available

from ipware import get_client_ip
ip, is_routable = get_client_ip(request)
if ip is None:
    # Unable to get the client's IP address
else:
    # We got the client's IP address
    if is_routable:
        # The client's IP address is publicly routable on the Internet
    else:
        # The client's IP address is private

# Order of precedence is (Public, Private, Loopback, None)

高级用法:

自定义标题 - 用于查看ipware的自定义请求标头

i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR'])
i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'REMOTE_ADDR'])

代理计数 - Django服务器支持固定数量的代理

i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_count=1)

受信任的代理 - Django服务器支持一个或多个已知和受信任的代理

i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2'))

# For multiple proxies, simply add them to the list
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2', '177.3.3.3'))

# For proxies with fixed sub-domain and dynamic IP addresses, use partial pattern
i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.', '177.3.'))

注意:阅读此通知.

Answer 3

亚历山大的答案很棒,但缺乏有时在HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR标头中返回多个IP的代理的处理.

真正的IP通常位于列表的末尾,如下所述:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For

解决方案是对Alexander代码的简单修改:

def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[-1].strip()
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

Answer 4

No More confusion In the recent versions of Django it is mentioned clearly that the Ip address of the client is available at

request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")

for more info check the Django Docs

Answer 5

我想建议改进yanchenko的答案.

我没有在X_FORWARDED_FOR列表中取第一个ip,而是采用第一个不是已知内部ip的ip,因为有些路由器不遵守协议,你可以看到内部ips作为列表的第一个值.

PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX = ('10.', '172.', '192.', )

def get_client_ip(request):
    """get the client ip from the request
    """
    remote_address = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    # set the default value of the ip to be the REMOTE_ADDR if available
    # else None
    ip = remote_address
    # try to get the first non-proxy ip (not a private ip) from the
    # HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        proxies = x_forwarded_for.split(',')
        # remove the private ips from the beginning
        while (len(proxies) > 0 and
                proxies[0].startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX)):
            proxies.pop(0)
        # take the first ip which is not a private one (of a proxy)
        if len(proxies) > 0:
            ip = proxies[0]

    return ip

我希望这可以帮助那些遇到同样问题的Google员工.

Answer 6

这是完成此任务的简短说明：

request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '')).split(',')[0].strip()

Answer 7

最简单的解决方案(如果你使用fastcgi + nignx)是itgorilla评论的:

谢谢你提出这个好问题.我的fastcgi没有传递REMOTE_ADDR元键.我在nginx.conf中添加了以下行并修复了问题:fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $ remote_addr; - 伊戈里拉

Ps:我添加了这个答案只是为了让他的解决方案更加明显.

Answer 8

就我而言，上述方法均无效，因此我必须检查uwsgi+ django源代码并在nginx中传递静态参数，并查看原因/方式，以下是我发现的内容。

信封信息：
python版本：2.7.5
Django版本：(1, 6, 6, 'final', 0)
nginx版本：nginx/1.6.0
uwsgi：2.0.7

环境设置信息：
nginx作为反向代理，在端口80 uwsgi处作为上游unix套接字侦听，最终将响应请求

Django配置信息：

USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST = True # with or without this line does not matter

Nginx的配置：

uwsgi_param      X-Real-IP              $remote_addr;
// uwsgi_param   X-Forwarded-For        $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// uwsgi_param   HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

// hardcode for testing
uwsgi_param      X-Forwarded-For        "10.10.10.10";
uwsgi_param      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR   "20.20.20.20";

在Django应用中获取所有参数：

X-Forwarded-For :       10.10.10.10
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR :  20.20.20.20

结论：

因此，基本上，您必须在nginx中指定完全相同的字段/参数名称，并request.META[field/param]在django应用中使用。

现在，您可以决定是添加中间件（拦截器）还是仅HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR在某些视图中进行解析。