如何从META-INF目录加载属性文件？

Question

说properties运行JAR最佳的人在执行中使用的文件属于其中是否正确META-INF？这个概念是正好与标准的目录结构指定的Maven。

假设需要这种结构，如何properties从中加载文件META-INF？

thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ 
thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ java -jar build/libs/json_parser-all.jarAug 18, 2017 6:44:24 AM net.bounceme.doge.json.Main main
INFO: starting
Aug 18, 2017 6:44:24 AM net.bounceme.doge.json.Main run
INFO: actually
Aug 18, 2017 6:44:24 AM net.bounceme.doge.json.PropertiesReader tryGetProps
INFO: properties
Aug 18, 2017 6:44:24 AM net.bounceme.doge.json.PropertiesReader getProps
INFO: properties
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
    at java.util.Properties$LineReader.readLine(Properties.java:434)
    at java.util.Properties.load0(Properties.java:353)
    at java.util.Properties.load(Properties.java:341)
    at net.bounceme.doge.json.PropertiesReader.getProps(PropertiesReader.java:26)
    at net.bounceme.doge.json.PropertiesReader.tryGetProps(PropertiesReader.java:16)
    at net.bounceme.doge.json.Main.run(Main.java:18)
    at net.bounceme.doge.json.Main.main(Main.java:12)
thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ 
thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ jar tf build/libs/json_parser-all.jarMETA-INF/
META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
META-INF/maven/
META-INF/maven/javax.json/
META-INF/maven/javax.json/javax.json-api/
META-INF/maven/javax.json/javax.json-api/pom.properties
META-INF/maven/javax.json/javax.json-api/pom.xml
javax/
javax/json/
javax/json/Json.class
javax/json/JsonArray.class
javax/json/JsonArrayBuilder.class
javax/json/JsonBuilderFactory.class
javax/json/JsonException.class
javax/json/JsonMergePatch.class
javax/json/JsonNumber.class
javax/json/JsonObject.class
javax/json/JsonObjectBuilder.class
javax/json/JsonPatch$Operation.class
javax/json/JsonPatch.class
javax/json/JsonPatchBuilder.class
javax/json/JsonPointer.class
javax/json/JsonReader.class
javax/json/JsonReaderFactory.class
javax/json/JsonString.class
javax/json/JsonStructure.class
javax/json/JsonValue$ValueType.class
javax/json/JsonValue.class
javax/json/JsonValueImpl.class
javax/json/JsonWriter.class
javax/json/JsonWriterFactory.class
javax/json/spi/
javax/json/spi/JsonProvider.class
javax/json/stream/
javax/json/stream/JsonCollectors.class
javax/json/stream/JsonGenerationException.class
javax/json/stream/JsonGenerator.class
javax/json/stream/JsonGeneratorFactory.class
javax/json/stream/JsonLocation.class
javax/json/stream/JsonParser$Event.class
javax/json/stream/JsonParser.class
javax/json/stream/JsonParserFactory.class
javax/json/stream/JsonParsingException.class
module-info.class
net/
net/bounceme/
net/bounceme/doge/
net/bounceme/doge/json/
net/bounceme/doge/json/Main.class
net/bounceme/doge/json/Marshaller.class
net/bounceme/doge/json/PropertiesReader.class
net/bounceme/doge/json/JsonReader.class
json.json
properties.properties
META-INF/properties.properties
thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ 
thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ jar tf build/libs/json_parser-all.jar | grep properties.properties
properties.properties
META-INF/properties.properties
thufir@doge:~/NetBeansProjects/json_parser$ 

和相关代码：

package net.bounceme.doge.json;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class PropertiesReader {

    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(PropertiesReader.class.getName());

    public Properties tryGetProps(String propertiesFileName) {
        log.info(propertiesFileName);
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties = getProps(propertiesFileName);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(PropertiesReader.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
        return properties;
    }

    private Properties getProps(String propertiesFileName) throws IOException {
        log.info(propertiesFileName);
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(PropertiesReader.class.getResourceAsStream("/META-INF/" + propertiesFileName));
        log.info(properties.toString());
        return properties;
    }
}

这与init从gradle中正确使用和基于常规信息有关。

我尝试/按照建议删除引线 -与上述相同的结果。

Answer 1

You're not obliged to store your properties files in META-INF, indeed it's not even very common to do so (in my experience at least). In support of this contention the Java JAR Specification doesn't include properties files amongst the expected contents of META-INF.

The code below shows several approach to loading properties from a JAR, whether they are in META-INF or not.

Given a JAR file with this content:

jar -tvf properties.jar
   0 Fri Aug 18 15:35:52 IST 2017 META-INF/
  68 Fri Aug 18 15:35:52 IST 2017 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
   4 Fri Aug 18 15:35:32 IST 2017 META-INF/bProps.properties
   4 Fri Aug 18 15:35:18 IST 2017 aProps.properties

You can load aProps.properties and bProps.properties like so:

@Test
public void canWriteAndRead() throws IOException {
    ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
    // this works
    loadProperties(systemClassLoader.getResource("aProps.properties"));
    // this works
    loadProperties(systemClassLoader.getResource("META-INF/bProps.properties"));
    // this does not work
    loadProperties(systemClassLoader.getResource("/aProps.properties"));
    // this does not work
    loadProperties(systemClassLoader.getResource("/META-INF/bProps.properties"));

    ClassLoader classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
    // this works
    loadProperties(classLoader.getResource("aProps.properties"));
    // this works
    loadProperties(classLoader.getResource("META-INF/bProps.properties"));
    // this does not work
    loadProperties(classLoader.getResource("/aProps.properties"));
    // this does not work
    loadProperties(classLoader.getResource("/META-INF/bProps.properties"));

    // this works
    loadProperties(getClass().getResourceAsStream("/aProps.properties"));
    // this works
    loadProperties(getClass().getResourceAsStream("/META-INF/bProps.properties"));
    // this does not work
    loadProperties(getClass().getResourceAsStream("aProps.properties"));
    // this does not work
    loadProperties(getClass().getResourceAsStream("META-INF/bProps.properties"));
}

private void loadProperties(InputStream incoming) throws IOException {
    if (incoming != null) {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(incoming);
        for (String s : properties.stringPropertyNames()) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}

private void loadProperties(URL incoming) throws IOException {
    if (incoming != null) {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(incoming.openStream());
        for (String s : properties.stringPropertyNames()) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}