我希望有一个类和一些属性,您可以在初始化期间设置或使用其默认值.
class Fruit
attr_accessor :color, :type
def initialize(color, type)
@color=color ||= 'green'
@type=type ||='pear'
end
end
apple=Fruit.new(red, apple)
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Bri*_*per 60
解决此问题的典型方法是使用具有默认值的哈希.如果哈希是方法的最后一个参数,Ruby有一个很好的语法来传递哈希值.
class Fruit
attr_accessor :color, :type
def initialize(params = {})
@color = params.fetch(:color, 'green')
@type = params.fetch(:type, 'pear')
end
def to_s
"#{color} #{type}"
end
end
puts(Fruit.new) # prints: green pear
puts(Fruit.new(:color => 'red', :type => 'grape')) # prints: red grape
puts(Fruit.new(:type => 'pomegranate')) # prints: green pomegranate
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这里有一个很好的概述:http://deepfall.blogspot.com/2008/08/named-parameters-in-ruby.html
knu*_*nut 19
从Ruby 2.0开始,支持命名或关键字参数.
你可以使用:
class Fruit
attr_reader :color, :type
def initialize(color: 'green', type: 'pear')
@color = color
@type = type
end
def to_s
"#{color} #{type}"
end
end
puts(Fruit.new) # prints: green pear
puts(Fruit.new(:color => 'red', :type => 'grape')) # prints: red grape
puts(Fruit.new(:type => 'pomegranate')) # prints: green pomegranate
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关于这个主题的一些有趣的注释
小智 10
Brian的答案非常好,但我想建议一些修改,使其主要是meta:
class Fruit
# Now this is the only thing you have to touch when adding defaults or properties
def set_defaults
@color ||= 'green'
@type ||= 'pear'
end
def initialize(params = {})
params.each { |key,value| instance_variable_set("@#{key}", value) }
set_defaults
instance_variables.each {|var| self.class.send(:attr_accessor, var.to_s.delete('@'))}
end
def to_s
instance_variables.inject("") {|vars, var| vars += "#{var}: #{instance_variable_get(var)}; "}
end
end
puts Fruit.new
puts Fruit.new :color => 'red', :type => 'grape'
puts Fruit.new :type => 'pomegranate'
puts Fruit.new :cost => 20.21
puts Fruit.new :foo => "bar"
f = Fruit.new :potato => "salad"
puts "f.cost.nil? #{f.cost.nil?}"
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哪个输出:
@color: green; @type: pear;
@color: red; @type: grape;
@color: green; @type: pomegranate;
@color: green; @type: pear; @cost: 20.21;
@color: green; @type: pear; @foo: bar;
f.cost.nil? true
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当然,这对于一切都不是一个完美的解决方案,但它会为您提供一些使您的代码更具动态性的想法.
我这样做:
class Fruit
attr_accessor :color, :type
def initialize(args={})
options = {:color => 'green', :type => 'pear'}.merge(args)
self.color = options[:color]
self.type = options[:type]
end
end
apple = Fruit.new(:color => 'red', :type => 'apple')
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这样,您就不必担心缺少参数 - 或者他们的订单 - 并且您将始终拥有默认值..merge
如果它们存在,它们当然会覆盖默认值.
我喜欢冯康拉德的回答,但会有一个单独的defaults
方法。也许它在代码行方面效率不高,但它更能揭示意图并且涉及更少的认知开销,而更少的认知开销意味着更有效的开发入门。
class Fruit
attr_accessor :color, :type
def initialize(args={})
options = defaults.merge(args)
@color = options.fetch(:color)
@type = options.fetch(:type)
end
def defaults
{
color: 'green',
type: 'pear'
}
end
end
apple = Fruit.new(:color => 'red', :type => 'apple')
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