ConstraintLayout,当依赖于约束的视图消失时,布局视图表现得很奇怪

Question

我正在使用ConstraintLayout,我将在下面显示

我想隐藏First(使用已消失),以及我期望的视图如下所示(ElasticBody将延伸以使用原始First视图空间).

但是,当我实际设置First为时gone,我的视图结果如下(所有图像都来自Android Studio Design视图).我Elastic Body也失踪了,高度奇怪地扩大了.

我的布局代码如下

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="16dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_first"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#0ff"
        android:text="First"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/txt_body"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_body"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:background="#f0f"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Elastic Body"
        android:textSize="26sp"

        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/txt_tail"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/txt_first"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_tail"
        android:background="#ff0"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Tail"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/txt_body"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

(注意,如果你删除它gone,你将获得第一个图像视图).为什么会这样？我怎么能解决它在我First离开的地方,我可以Elastic Body伸展正确吗？

p/s:我知道如何在LinearLayout和RelativeLayout中做到这一点......但是想知道这是否是对ConstraintLayout的限制？

Answer 1

您可以使用一件事Visibility.GONE在ConstraintLayout.你可以用Barriers它.

如果您不了解Barriers那么请检查:障碍

Answer 2

比如说，你想要一张这样的图片：

Here you have indents between the title and "Nice work", between "Nice work" and time, also horizontal indent to "Opinions". They are centered vertically.

"Opinions" is attached to the star, so that can be multilined and stay centered. I show results for 2 variants: in the first row opinions are multilined, while in the next row it is a single line. In columns you can see 4 variants of showing/hiding 2 labels.

1. A more simple and preferrable way is to wrap both labels into LinearLayout and insert it into parent ConstraintLayout. Then you can set vertical gravity, show or hide labels, hide the LinearLayout itself.

2. If you don't want to have nested layouts, use Barriers and Groups. It is a difficult task that can waste many hours. A key is having additional Views for aligning. Here I have 2 hiding labels ("Nice work" and "Opinions"), and I have to add 2 views (spaces).

The height of the right space is equal to the height of the star (14dp).

To simplify hiding several views, I joined them into groups.

You can see horizontal dotted lines - they are Barriers. I align them on tops and bottoms of the most big views (barrier_2 is similar):

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
    android:id="@+id/barrier_1"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    app:barrierDirection="top"
    app:constraint_referenced_ids="left_text,opinion" />

Vertical aligning is based on these 2 additional Spaces (see marginTop="10dp"):

<Space
    android:id="@+id/left_text_space"
    android:layout_width="25dp"
    android:layout_height="10dp"
    android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
    app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/left_text"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/title" />

It is difficult to cover all situations, so see the following layout:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingLeft="15dp"
    android:paddingTop="5dp"
    android:paddingRight="15dp"
    android:paddingBottom="5dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/title"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ellipsize="end"
        android:lineSpacingExtra="4sp"
        android:lines="1"
        android:paddingBottom="5dp"
        android:text="«Title text»"
        android:textColor="#333333"
        android:textSize="15sp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
        android:id="@+id/barrier_1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:barrierDirection="top"
        app:constraint_referenced_ids="left_text,opinion" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/left_text"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#112233"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp"
        android:paddingTop="4dp"
        android:paddingRight="5dp"
        android:paddingBottom="4dp"
        android:text="Nice work"
        android:textColor="#ffffff"
        android:textSize="13sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/barrier_2"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/title"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/left_text_space" />

    <Space
        android:id="@+id/left_text_space"
        android:layout_width="25dp"
        android:layout_height="10dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/left_text"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/title" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Group
        android:id="@+id/left_text_group"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:visibility="visible"
        app:constraint_referenced_ids="left_text,left_text_space" />

    <Space
        android:id="@+id/opinion_space"
        android:layout_width="1dp"
        android:layout_height="14dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/left_text_space"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/title" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
        android:id="@+id/barrier_2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:barrierDirection="bottom"
        app:constraint_referenced_ids="left_text,opinion" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/opinion_icon"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:contentDescription="@null"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/barrier_2"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/left_text_space"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/opinion_space"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_filled_rate_star" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/opinion"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="5dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
        android:lineSpacingExtra="1sp"
        android:text="1. Opinion 1.\n2. Opinion 2.\n3. Opinion 3.\n4. Opinion 4."
        android:textColor="#1122aa"
        android:textSize="12sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/opinion_icon"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/opinion_icon"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/opinion_icon" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Group
        android:id="@+id/opinion_group"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:visibility="visible"
        app:constraint_referenced_ids="opinion_icon,opinion,opinion_space" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/time_icon"
        android:layout_width="15dp"
        android:layout_height="15dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        android:contentDescription="@null"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/barrier_2"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_time" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/time"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="7dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="7dp"
        android:ellipsize="end"
        android:lineSpacingExtra="1sp"
        android:lines="2"
        android:paddingBottom="7dp"
        android:text="17:00"
        android:textColor="#9e9e9e"
        android:textSize="11sp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="1"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/time_icon"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/time_icon" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Then in your activity you can show/hide labels. Hide Groups, not views inside, because strangely inside a Group views are always visible.

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.main_activity)

    left_text_group.visibility = View.GONE
    opinion_group.visibility = View.VISIBLE
}

Answer 3

已经给出了链接到Barriers 的答案。我将提供一个示例来说明我如何实际实现它：

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView1"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="parent"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    android:text="Some text"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

<TextView
    android:id="@+id/textView2"
    app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView1"
    app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
    android:text="Some other text"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
    android:id="@+id/barrier1"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    app:barrierDirection="bottom"
    app:constraint_referenced_ids="textView1,textView2" />

此示例显示 2 TextViews，其中任意一个都可以是gone。视图从上到下堆叠，因此barrierDirection设置为bottom。如果您需要另一个方向，只需相应地更改该行即可。

将 2 中的任何一个设置TextViews为gone, 将导致Barrier移动到另一个的底部，如果我们将两者都设置为gone，它只会向上移动到 的顶部约束引用的元素textView1，在本例中为父元素。

注意：如果您的textView1顶部约束是其他内容，即它位于另一个元素下方，则如果两个视图都设置为 ，障碍物将在那里结束gone。

Answer 4

请尝试以下。

将第一个视图的左侧和顶部约束设置为“父”。之后：

• 将主体视图宽度设置为“ 0dp”
• 将左约束设置为第一个视图的右侧
• 将右约束设置到尾视图的左侧。

因此，每当您将第一个视图的可见性设置为“ gone”时，主体视图就会像您希望的那样被拉伸。

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="16dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_first"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#0ff"
        android:text="First"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        android:visibility="gone"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/txt_body"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_body"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:background="#f0f"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Elastic Body"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/txt_tail"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/txt_first"
        />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txt_tail"
        android:background="#ff0"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Tail"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>