引用项目时缺少项目依赖性

Question

在Visual Studio中引用项目时,我遇到了一些依赖项问题.以下是我的解决方案ReferenceTest的结构:

• 共同.包含返回字符串的静态CommonClass.HelloWorld()方法的类库.使用NuGet安装的Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration(及其大量依赖项)从JSON配置文件中读取此方法返回的字符串.
• ConsoleApplication1.使用静态Worker.DoWork()方法将CommonClass.HelloWorld()字符串写入控制台的控制台应用程序.此控制台应用程序具有Common项目的项目引用.
• ConsoleApplication1Test.使用NUnit测试ConsoleApplication1中的Worker.DoWork()方法返回预期字符串的类库.此类库具有对ConsoleApplication1项目的项目引用.

该ConsoleApplication1控制台应用程序工作正常,但在运行单元测试时ConsoleApplication1Test我得到这个异常:

System.IO.FileNotFoundException:无法加载文件或程序集'System.Runtime,Version = 4.1.1.0,Culture = neutral,PublicKeyToken = b03f5f7f11d50a3a'或其依赖项之一.该系统找不到指定的文件.

编译ConsoleApplication1Test项目时,System.Runtime.dll文件(可能还有其他文件)不会复制到bin文件夹.为什么会这样？

可以在此处找到带有演示解决方案的zip文件:http: //www.filedropper.com/referencetest

Answer 1

解

我能够重现并解决此问题,并生成说明差异的构建日志.

首先,解决方案.我注意到ConsoleApplication1.csproj文件有一行配置,Test项目没有.所以,我补充说:

<AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>

到测试项目文件.第一<PropertyGroup>部分现在看起来像这样:

<PropertyGroup>
  <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
  <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
  <ProjectGuid>{A97E82A2-2EF9-43AB-A46B-882131BAF1D0}</ProjectGuid>
  <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
  <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
  <RootNamespace>ConsoleApplication1Test</RootNamespace>
  <AssemblyName>ConsoleApplication1Test</AssemblyName>
  <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.7</TargetFrameworkVersion>
  <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
  <AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>true</AutoGenerateBindingRedirects>
</PropertyGroup>

单元测试现在失败,因为它找不到config.json.成功!

编辑:从下面的命令行运行构建后,单元测试通过.从Visual Studio构建时,我不确定为什么config.json不存在.

部分解释

此AutoGenerateBindingRedirects属性似乎更改了构建过程解析对作为.NET Framework一部分的库的引用的方式.例如,详细日志输出比较之前和之后显示:

Unified Dependency "System.Runtime, Version=4.0.20.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a". (TaskId:97)
    Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions.dll" because there is a more recent version of this framework file. (TaskId:97)
    Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.dll" because there is a more recent version of this framework file. (TaskId:97)
    Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder.dll" because there is a more recent version of this framework file. (TaskId:97)
    Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives.dll" because there is a more recent version of this framework file. (TaskId:97)
    Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Abstractions.dll" because there is a more recent version of this framework file. (TaskId:97)
    Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe.dll" because there is a more recent version of this framework file. (TaskId:97)
    Resolved file path is "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.7\Facades\System.Runtime.dll". (TaskId:97)
    Reference found at search path location "{TargetFrameworkDirectory}". (TaskId:97)

变更为:

Unified Dependency "System.Runtime, Version=4.1.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a". (TaskId:97)
  Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions.dll" because AutoUnify is 'true'. (TaskId:97)
  Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.dll" because AutoUnify is 'true'. (TaskId:97)
  Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder.dll" because AutoUnify is 'true'. (TaskId:97)
  Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives.dll" because AutoUnify is 'true'. (TaskId:97)
  Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Abstractions.dll" because AutoUnify is 'true'. (TaskId:97)
  Using this version instead of original version "4.0.0.0" in "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe.dll" because AutoUnify is 'true'. (TaskId:97)
  Resolved file path is "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug\System.Runtime.dll". (TaskId:97)
  Reference found at search path location "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ReferenceTest\ConsoleApplication1\bin\Debug". (TaskId:97)

我想在app.config文件中的程序集绑定重定向正在影响构建过程中程序集引用路径解析的某些方面.只有在添加指定的属性后,此构建输出的外观才支持此功能:

Added Item(s): 
    _ResolveAssemblyReferencesApplicationConfigFileForExes=
        app.config
                OriginalItemSpec=app.config
                TargetPath=ConsoleApplication1Test.dll.config

我之前没有见过这个特殊的属性,我不知道为什么它会包含在某些项目中而不包含在其他项目中,或者如果有一个UI来改变这个设置.

作为参考,为了产生上面的构建输出比较,我做了以下事情:

1. 从问题中提供的链接加载项目
2. 将NUnit3TestAdapter NuGet包添加到Test项目(个人首选项 - 使用VS测试运行器时出现错误)
3. 运行测试以验证错误
4. 清洁解决方案
5. msbuild /verbosity:diag ReferenceTest.sln > build.txt从解决方案文件夹中的Developer Command Prompt 运行
6. 如上所述修改Test项目
7. 跑 msbuild /verbosity:diag ReferenceTest.sln > build2.txt
8. 运行devenv /diff build.txt build2.txt或您最喜欢的比较工具