如何在python中获取所有初始化对象和函数定义的列表？

Question

假设在python shell(IDLE)中我定义了一些类,函数和变量.还创建了类的对象.然后我删除了一些对象并创建了其他一些对象.在以后的某个时间点,我如何才能知道内存中活动的当前活动对象,变量和方法定义是什么？

Answer 1

是.

>>> import gc
>>> gc.get_objects()

并不是说你会觉得有用.它们中有很多.:-)当你启动Python时超过4000.

可能更有用的是本地活动的所有变量:

>>> locals()

而全球活跃的一个:

>>> globals()

(请注意,Python中的"全局"并不是真正全局的.为此,您需要gc.get_objects()上述内容,并且您不太可能找到有用的内容,如上所述).

Answer 2

该函数gc.get_objects()将找不到所有对象，例如，将找不到numpy数组。

import numpy as np
import gc

a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = gc.get_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will not find the numpy array

您将需要一个可扩展的所有对象的功能，如解释在这里

# code from https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/python/GetAllObjects
import gc
# Recursively expand slist's objects
# into olist, using seen to track
# already processed objects.
def _getr(slist, olist, seen):
  for e in slist:
    if id(e) in seen:
      continue
    seen[id(e)] = None
    olist.append(e)
    tl = gc.get_referents(e)
    if tl:
      _getr(tl, olist, seen)

# The public function.
def get_all_objects():
  """Return a list of all live Python
  objects, not including the list itself."""
  gcl = gc.get_objects()
  olist = []
  seen = {}
  # Just in case:
  seen[id(gcl)] = None
  seen[id(olist)] = None
  seen[id(seen)] = None
  # _getr does the real work.
  _getr(gcl, olist, seen)
  return olist

现在我们应该能够找到大多数物体

import numpy as np
import gc

a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = get_all_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will return True, the np.ndarray is found!

Answer 3

尝试 globals()

Answer 4

如何dir()将输出实例化的对象作为一个列表？我刚刚用过这个： [x for x in dir() if x.lower().startswith('y')]