C++最快的`finally`

Question

到目前为止,C++(不幸的是)不支持finally语句的子句try.这导致了对如何释放资源的猜测.在互联网上研究了这个问题之后,虽然我找到了一些解决方案,但我并没有明白他们的表现(如果表现并不重要,我会使用Java).所以我不得不做基准测试.

选项是:

1. CodeProjectfinally提出的基于Functor的类.它很强大,但很慢.并且反汇编表明外部函数局部变量被非常低效地捕获:逐个推送到堆栈,而不是仅仅将帧指针传递给内部(lambda)函数.

2. RAII:堆栈上的手动清洁器对象:缺点是手动键入并为每个使用的位置定制它.另一个缺点是需要将资源释放所需的所有变量复制到其中.

3. MSVC++特定__try/ __finally声明.缺点是它显然不便携.

我创建了这个小基准来比较这些方法的运行时性能:

#include <chrono>
#include <functional>
#include <cstdio>

class Finally1 {
  std::function<void(void)> _functor;
public:
  Finally1(const std::function<void(void)> &functor) : _functor(functor) {}
  ~Finally1() {
    _functor();
  }
};

void BenchmarkFunctor() {
  volatile int64_t var = 0;
  const int64_t nIterations = 234567890;
  auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < nIterations; i++) {
    Finally1 doFinally([&] {
      var++;
    });
  }
  auto elapsed = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start;
  double nSec = 1e-6 * std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(elapsed).count();
  printf("Functor: %.3lf Ops/sec, var=%lld\n", nIterations / nSec, (long long)var);
}

void BenchmarkObject() {
  volatile int64_t var = 0;
  const int64_t nIterations = 234567890;
  auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < nIterations; i++) {
      class Cleaner {
        volatile int64_t* _pVar;
      public:
        Cleaner(volatile int64_t& var) : _pVar(&var) { }
        ~Cleaner() { (*_pVar)++; }
      } c(var);
  }
  auto elapsed = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start;
  double nSec = 1e-6 * std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(elapsed).count();
  printf("Object: %.3lf Ops/sec, var=%lld\n", nIterations / nSec, (long long)var);
}

void BenchmarkMSVCpp() {
  volatile int64_t var = 0;
  const int64_t nIterations = 234567890;
  auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < nIterations; i++) {
    __try {
    }
    __finally {
      var++;
    }
  }
  auto elapsed = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start;
  double nSec = 1e-6 * std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(elapsed).count();
  printf("__finally: %.3lf Ops/sec, var=%lld\n", nIterations / nSec, (long long)var);
}

template <typename Func> class Finally4 {
  Func f;
public:
  Finally4(Func&& func) : f(std::forward<Func>(func)) {}
  ~Finally4() { f(); }
};

template <typename F> Finally4<F> MakeFinally4(F&& f) {
  return Finally4<F>(std::forward<F>(f));
}

void BenchmarkTemplate() {
  volatile int64_t var = 0;
  const int64_t nIterations = 234567890;
  auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < nIterations; i++) {
    auto doFinally = MakeFinally4([&] { var++; });
    //Finally4 doFinally{ [&] { var++; } };
  }
  auto elapsed = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start;
  double nSec = 1e-6 * std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(elapsed).count();
  printf("Template: %.3lf Ops/sec, var=%lld\n", nIterations / nSec, (long long)var);
}

void BenchmarkEmpty() {
  volatile int64_t var = 0;
  const int64_t nIterations = 234567890;
  auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  for (int64_t i = 0; i < nIterations; i++) {
    var++;
  }
  auto elapsed = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - start;
  double nSec = 1e-6 * std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(elapsed).count();
  printf("Empty: %.3lf Ops/sec, var=%lld\n", nIterations / nSec, (long long)var);
}

int __cdecl main() {
  BenchmarkFunctor();
  BenchmarkObject();
  BenchmarkMSVCpp();
  BenchmarkTemplate();
  BenchmarkEmpty();
  return 0;
}

我的Ryzen 1800X @ 3.9Ghz与DDR4 @ 2.6Ghz CL13的结果如下:

Functor: 175148825.946 Ops/sec, var=234567890
Object: 553446751.181 Ops/sec, var=234567890
__finally: 553832236.221 Ops/sec, var=234567890
Template: 554964345.876 Ops/sec, var=234567890
Empty: 554468478.903 Ops/sec, var=234567890

显然,除了functor-base(#1)之外的所有选项都和空循环一样快.

那么有一个快速而强大的C++替代品finally,它是可移植的,并且需要从外部函数的堆栈中进行最少的复制吗？

更新:我已经对@ Jarod42解决方案进行了基准测试,所以这里的问题是更新代码和输出.尽管如@Sopel所述,如果不执行复制省略,它可能会中断.

UPDATE2:澄清我要求的是一种方便快捷的C++方法,即使抛出异常也可以执行代码块.由于问题中提到的原因,某些方法很慢或不方便.

Answer 1

您可以实现Finally没有类型擦除和开销std::function:

template <typename F>
class Finally {
    F f;
public:
    template <typename Func>
    Finally(Func&& func) : f(std::forward<Func>(func)) {}
    ~Finally() { f(); }

    Finally(const Finally&) = delete;
    Finally(Finally&&) = delete;
    Finally& operator =(const Finally&) = delete;
    Finally& operator =(Finally&&) = delete;
};

template <typename F>
Finally<F> make_finally(F&& f)
{
    return { std::forward<F>(f) };
}

并使用它像:

auto&& doFinally = make_finally([&] { var++; });

演示