如何等待Class初始化？

Question

我有一个类，该类calendar异步读取文件。

// Copyright 2017 <Abhi Agarwal>
// Refer to LICENSE

// Dart Imports
import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:convert';

// Flutter Imports
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

// Local Imports
import 'event.dart';

/// Class deals with the school-wide calendar Calendar.
class Calendar {
  /// The days off in the year.
  List<Event> daysOff = new List<Event>();

  /// The half-days, not necessarily days off.
  List<Event> halfDays = new List<Event>();

  /// Vacations, extended days off.
  List<Event> vactations = new List<Event>();

  DateTime schoolStart;
  DateTime schoolEnd;
  DateTime schoolMaxEnd;

  Calendar() {
    _addDaysOff();
    //  _addHalfDays();
    //  _addVacations();
    //  _addTimes();
  }

  static const String filePath = "assets/calendar/";

  /// Reads a JSON File specified by the Arguments and returns a Decoded Object.
  Future<List<Map<String, String>>> _readJson(String fileName) async =>
      await JSON.decode(await rootBundle.loadString(filePath + fileName));

  Future _addDaysOff() async {
    const String fileName = "days_off.json";
    final List<Map<String, String>> parsed = await _readJson(fileName);

    for (final Map<String, String> item in parsed) {
      Event event = new Event(item["name"], DateTime.parse(item["date"]));
      daysOff.add(event);
    }
  }
}

一切正常，但是当我想运行一个简单的测试时就会出现问题。

// Copyright 2017 <Abhi Agarwal>
// Refer to LICENSE

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

import 'definitions/calendar/calendar.dart';

void main() {
  Calendar myCalendar = new Calendar();
  runApp(new Center(child: new Text(myCalendar.daysOff[0].name)));
}

有了flutter run，我得到了RangeError (index): Invalid value: Valid value range is empty: 0。这是有道理的，List仅在初始化时才具有元素。问题是，如何在数据加载之前在其中放置占位符？

Answer 1

您可以重构您的Calendar类，以Future在Calendar可以使用时公开完成的：

// Private constructor, use create() to get an instance
Calendar._();

// Future that completes when the new Calendar is ready to use
static Future<Calendar> create() async {
  Calendar calendar = Calendar._();
  await calendar._addDaysOff();
  //    await calendar._addHalfDays();
  //    await calendar._addVacations();
  //    await calendar._addTimes();
  return calendar;
}

然后，您可以await使用Future，例如：

main() async {
  Calendar myCalendar = await Calendar.create();
  runApp(new Center(child: new Text(myCalendar.daysOff[0].name)));
}

如果您希望通过Flutter小部件树中更深的某个地方实例化Calendar 而不是将其驻留在根目录中，则可以Calendar使用进行初始化。FutureBuilderStatefulWidget