Django创建并保存创建另一个对象时的许多模型实例

Question

我正在设计一盘国际象棋,我想在新的开始之后用国际象棋人物(国家模型)初始化这些领域ChessParty.
我读到了重写save()模型方法,但我不知道如何在我的情况下使用它.
我正在阅读类似的信号post_save,但我有同样的问题.

这样的东西可以工作吗？

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        (Here i want create many instances of another Model)
    super(ChessParty, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

到目前为止,这是我的代码:

class ChessParty(models.Model):
    chessparty_id = models.AutoField("ID partii", primary_key=True)
    arbiter = models.ForeignKey(Arbiter, related_name='sedzia', 
    verbose_name="S?dzia")
    white = models.ForeignKey(Player, related_name='Bia?e', 
    verbose_name="Bia?e figury")
    black = models.ForeignKey(Player, related_name='Czarne', 
    verbose_name="Czarne figury")
    tournament = models.ForeignKey(Tournament, verbose_name="Nazwa turnieju")

    def __str__(self):
        return "{white} vs {black}, ({tournament})"\
            .format(black=self.black, white=self.white, tournament=self.tournament)


class OneMove(models.Model):
party = models.ForeignKey(ChessParty, default='0', verbose_name="Partia")
chessman = (
    ('a1_w_rook', 'bia?a wie?a a1'), ('h1_w_rook', 'bia?a wie?a h1'),
    ('b1_w_knight', 'bia?y skoczek b1'), ('g1_w_knight', 'bia?y skoczek g1'),
    ('c1_w_bishop', 'bia?y goniec c1'), ('f1_w_bishop', 'bia?y goniec f1'),
    ('d1_w_queen', 'bia?y hetman d1'), ('e1_w_king', 'bia?y król e1'),
    ('a2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion a2'), ('b2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion b2'),
    ('c2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion c2'), ('d2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion d2'),
    ('e2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion e2'), ('f2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion f2'),
    ('g2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion g2'), ('h2_w_pawn', 'bia?y pion h2'),
    ('a8_b_rook', 'czarna wie?a a1'), ('h8_b_rook', 'czarna wie?a h8'),
    ('b8_b_knight', 'czarny skoczek b1'), ('g8_b_knight', 'czarny skoczek g8'),
    ('c8_b_knight', 'czarny goniec c1'), ('f8_b_bishop', 'czarny goniec f8'),
    ('d8_b_queen', 'czarny hetman d1'), ('e8_b_king', 'czarny król e8'),
    ('a7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion a7'), ('b7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion b7'),
    ('c7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion c7'), ('d7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion d7'),
    ('e7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion e7'), ('f7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion f7'),
    ('g7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion g7'), ('h7_b_pawn', 'czarny pion h7'),
 )
chessman = models.CharField(max_length=30, choices=chessman, default='pionek', verbose_name="Figura Szachowa")
mymove = []
for a, b in itertools.product('abcdefgh', '12345678'):
    name = a + b
    mymove.append((name, name))
mytuple = tuple(mymove)
move = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=mytuple, default='a1', verbose_name="Ruch na")

class Meta:
    abstract = True


class State(OneMove):
state_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="numer ruchu")
is_capture = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="Czy zbita")
capture_choice = (
    ('true', 'zbity'),
    ('false', 'nie zbity'),
)
is_capture = models.CharField(max_length=9, choices=capture_choice, default='false', verbose_name="Czy zbity")

Answer 1

使用save():

如果要使用该save()方法,可以执行以下操作:

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    OtherModel.objects.create(something=kwargs['something'])
    YetAnotherModel.objects.create(
        something_else=kwargs['something_else']
    )
    super(ChessParty, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

正如@ e4c5在他的评论中所述,它更容易实现,这就是我加入它的原因!

我对这个问题的看法:

虽然你可以这样做save(),但我建议改为使用信号.

特别是使用post_save信号.以下是如何执行此操作:

1. 创建一个文件your_app/signals.py:

   from django.db.models.signals import post_save
   from django.dispatch import receiver
   
   from your_app.models import ChessParty, OtherModel, YetAnotherModel
   
   
   @receiver(post_save, sender=ChessParty)
   def change_my_name_plz (sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
       if created:
           OtherModel.objects.create(something=kwargs['something'])
           YetAnotherModel.objects.create(
               something_else=kwargs['something_else']
           )
   

2. 您现在需要覆盖以下ready()功能your_app/app.py:

   from django.apps import AppConfig
   
   class YourAppConfig(AppConfig):
       name = 'your_project.your_app'
   
       def ready(self):
           import your_project.your_app.signals
   

3. 最后,添加以下内容your_app/__init__.py:

   default_app_config = 'your_project.your_app.apps.YourAppConfig'
   

现在,您有一个信号,可以在创建新对象后立即创建OtherModel和对象.YetAnotherModelChessParty

定义信号的替代方法:

有一种不使用@receiver装饰器的替代方法,但connect()方法:

1. your_app/signals.py:

   from your_app.models import ChessParty, OtherModel, YetAnotherModel
   
   
   def change_my_name_plz (sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
       if created:
           OtherModel.objects.create(something=kwargs['something'])
           YetAnotherModel.objects.create(
               something_else=kwargs['something_else']
           )
   

2. your_app/app.py:

   from django.apps import AppConfig
   from django.db.models.signals import post_save
   
   from your_app.models import ChessParty
   from your_project.your_app.signals import change_my_name_plz
   
   class YourAppConfig(AppConfig):
       name = 'your_project.your_app'
   
       def ready(self):
           post_save.connect(change_my_name_plz, sender=ChessParty)
   

3. your_app/__init__.py 保持与上述相同(步骤3).