如何在Ubuntu 16.04上使用Rails安装Nokogiri

Question

我正在尝试使用安装Rails

sudo gem install rails

在新版本的Ubuntu 16.04上.Ruby 2.3.1p112已经安装.在安装Rails的过程中,一旦获取Nokogiri完成,我会收到以下错误:

Fetching: nokogiri-1.8.0.gem (100%)
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/nokogiri-1.8.0/ext/nokogiri
/usr/bin/ruby2.3 -r ./siteconf20170608-1635-1vnwqbn.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)2.3
        --help
        --clean
/usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:522:in `with_werror'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile'
        from extconf.rb:138:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
        from extconf.rb:162:in `block in add_cflags'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.3.0/mkmf.rb:629:in `with_cflags'
        from extconf.rb:161:in `add_cflags'
        from extconf.rb:407:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/gems/nokogiri-1.8.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.3.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.3.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/gem_make.out

这是mkmf.log的内容:

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.3.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.3.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.3  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

我不知道出了什么问题.日志没有帮助,我已经尝试安装libgmp-dev,ruby-dev,zlib1g-dev和liblzma-dev因为他们建议谁是引入nokogiri宝石安装过程中得到错误的人.

Answer 1

在尝试找到缺少的依赖项一段时间后,我gcc在mkmf.log中运行命令,以防一些编译错误消息被省略.

原来我没有安装gcc.一旦我安装它,我在安装方面取得了一些进展,只是遇到了另一个类似的错误.最后,安装下面的依赖项导致Rails的成功安装.

在运行之前请确保已安装这些gcc, make, zlib1g-dev, sqlite3:

sudo apt-get install gcc make zlib1g-dev sqlite3