Spring Boot 中的 Junit Test 不注入服务

Question

我有一个基本的 SpringBoot 应用程序。使用 Spring Initializer、嵌入式 Tomcat、Thymeleaf 模板引擎，并打包为可执行 JAR 文件。

我有这个服务：

@Service
public class TdkRestApiService {
    ...
}

我想测试：

@ContextConfiguration(classes={TdkApplicationConfig.class, TdkDevelopmentConfig.class}) 
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class TdkRestApiServiceTests {


    /**
     * The object being tested.
     */
    @Autowired
    TdkRestApiService tdkRestApiService;

    @Test
    public void getCallbacksByDeviceTypeTest () throws IOException {

        tdkRestApiService.getCallbacksByDeviceType("2", "3");

    }
}

但我有一个错误：

ERROR o.s.test.context.TestContextManager - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@dd3b207] to prepare test instance [com.tdk.backend.service.TdkRestApiServiceTests@6db9f5a4]
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.tdk.backend.service.TdkRestApiServiceTests': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'tdkRestApiService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.tdk.backend.service.TdkRestApiService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:386)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)

Answer 1

这里 ：

@ContextConfiguration
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class TdkRestApiServiceTests {

您没有指定注释的classes属性ContextConfiguration。

您应该使用您的根 Spring 配置类设置此属性，该类设置您的所有配置，尤其是TdkRestApiServicebean。
例如，如果您的根 Spring 配置类是MyConfig，则可以指定它：

@ContextConfiguration(classes = MyConfig.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class TdkRestApiServiceTests {

您可以在讨论检测测试配置的Spring 文档中获得更多信息。

下面摘录：

如果您熟悉 Spring 测试框架，您可能习惯于使用 @ContextConfiguration(classes=...?) 来指定要加载哪个 Spring @Configuration。或者，您可能经常在测试中使用嵌套的 @Configuration 类。

Answer 2

这解决了我的问题：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes =  TdkApplication.class)
public class SigfoxRestApiServiceTests {
.
}