Dir*_*irk 12 python command-line-interface python-click
在使用Python 点击库编写命令行界面(CLI)时,是否可以定义三个选项,只有在第一个(可选)未设置的情况下才需要第二个和第三个选项?
我的用例是一个登录系统,它允许我通过authentication token(选项1),或者通过username(选项2)和password(选项3)进行身份验证.
如果给出了令牌,则无需检查username并password定义或提示它们.否则,如果忽略了此令牌,然后username和password成为必需的,必须给予.
这可以使用回调以某种方式完成吗?
我的入门代码当然不能反映出预期的模式:
@click.command()
@click.option('--authentication-token', prompt=True, required=True)
@click.option('--username', prompt=True, required=True)
@click.option('--password', hide_input=True, prompt=True, required=True)
def login(authentication_token, username, password):
print(authentication_token, username, password)
if __name__ == '__main__':
login()
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Ste*_*uch 20
这可以通过构建一个自定义类来完成,该类来自于该类click.Option,并且使用以下click.Option.handle_parse_result()方法:
import click
class NotRequiredIf(click.Option):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.not_required_if = kwargs.pop('not_required_if')
assert self.not_required_if, "'not_required_if' parameter required"
kwargs['help'] = (kwargs.get('help', '') +
' NOTE: This argument is mutually exclusive with %s' %
self.not_required_if
).strip()
super(NotRequiredIf, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def handle_parse_result(self, ctx, opts, args):
we_are_present = self.name in opts
other_present = self.not_required_if in opts
if other_present:
if we_are_present:
raise click.UsageError(
"Illegal usage: `%s` is mutually exclusive with `%s`" % (
self.name, self.not_required_if))
else:
self.prompt = None
return super(NotRequiredIf, self).handle_parse_result(
ctx, opts, args)
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要使用自定义类,请将cls参数传递给click.option装饰器,如:
@click.option('--username', prompt=True, cls=NotRequiredIf,
not_required_if='authentication_token')
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这是有效的,因为click是一个设计良好的OO框架.该@click.option()装饰通常实例化一个click.Option对象,但允许与被覆盖这种行为cls参数.因此,从click.Option我们自己的班级继承并过度使用所需的方法是相对容易的事情.
在这种情况下,我们在乘坐click.Option.handle_parse_result()和禁用需要user/password,如果authentication-token令牌存在,并且抱怨,如果两者user/password都authentication-token存在.
注意:这个答案的灵感来自于这个答案
@click.command()
@click.option('--authentication-token')
@click.option('--username', prompt=True, cls=NotRequiredIf,
not_required_if='authentication_token')
@click.option('--password', prompt=True, hide_input=True, cls=NotRequiredIf,
not_required_if='authentication_token')
def login(authentication_token, username, password):
click.echo('t:%s u:%s p:%s' % (
authentication_token, username, password))
if __name__ == '__main__':
login('--username name --password pword'.split())
login('--help'.split())
login(''.split())
login('--username name'.split())
login('--authentication-token token'.split())
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来自login('--username name --password pword'.split()):
t:None u:name p:pword
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来自login('--help'.split()):
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS]
Options:
--authentication-token TEXT
--username TEXT NOTE: This argument is mutually exclusive with
authentication_token
--password TEXT NOTE: This argument is mutually exclusive with
authentication_token
--help Show this message and exit.
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稍微改进了Stephen Rauch 的答案,使其具有多个互斥体参数。
import click
class Mutex(click.Option):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.not_required_if:list = kwargs.pop("not_required_if")
assert self.not_required_if, "'not_required_if' parameter required"
kwargs["help"] = (kwargs.get("help", "") + "Option is mutually exclusive with " + ", ".join(self.not_required_if) + ".").strip()
super(Mutex, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def handle_parse_result(self, ctx, opts, args):
current_opt:bool = self.name in opts
for mutex_opt in self.not_required_if:
if mutex_opt in opts:
if current_opt:
raise click.UsageError("Illegal usage: '" + str(self.name) + "' is mutually exclusive with " + str(mutex_opt) + ".")
else:
self.prompt = None
return super(Mutex, self).handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
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像这样使用:
@click.group()
@click.option("--username", prompt=True, cls=Mutex, not_required_if=["token"])
@click.option("--password", prompt=True, hide_input=True, cls=Mutex, not_required_if=["token"])
@click.option("--token", cls=Mutex, not_required_if=["username","password"])
def login(ctx=None, username:str=None, password:str=None, token:str=None) -> None:
print("...do what you like with the params you got...")
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