使用Visual Basic读取INI文件

Question

我正在使用Visual Basic读取包含经常使用的信息的文件。具体来说，我的文件包含以下信息：

[Smith]
Name=Sam Smith
Email=sam.smith@yahoo.com
Project=Smith's Treehouse Project
Greeting=Hi Sam,

[Jones]
Name=Josh Jones
Email=josh.jones@gmail.com
Project=Jone's Second-Story Remodel
Greeting=Hi Josh,

然后，我试图将信息读入一个简单的VB命令（实际上使用Dragon Naturally Speaking，但这没关系）在Microsoft Outlook中发送电子邮件。我不需要写入文件或更改值。我只需要阅读信息，因此可以使用列表变量将电子邮件地址发送到地址字段，将项目名称发送到主题字段，等等。

如何编写从文件读取的功能？

我花了大约4个小时在这里和其他网站上寻找答案，但感到困惑。（我显然是VB的新手。）似乎每次我找到看起来很接近的代码时，它都使用独特的编码功能，所以我不知道正确的代码是什么。

任何帮助表示赞赏！

Answer 1

也许这不是最优雅的解决方案，但这是一个使用正则表达式解析INI的类：

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions

Public NotInheritable Class IniParser
    Private Shared SectionRegex As New Regex("\[(?<section>[^\n\[\]]+)\]\n*(?<valuelist>(.(?!\[[^\n\[\]]+\]))*)", RegexOptions.Singleline Or RegexOptions.CultureInvariant Or RegexOptions.Compiled)
    Private Shared ValueRegex As New Regex("(?<valuename>[^=\n]+)=(?<value>[^\n]*)", RegexOptions.CultureInvariant Or RegexOptions.Compiled)

    ''' <summary>
    ''' Parses an .ini-file.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="FileName">The path to the file to parse.</param>
    ''' <remarks></remarks>
    Public Shared Function ParseFile(ByVal FileName As String) As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String))
        Return IniParser.Parse(File.ReadAllText(FileName))
    End Function

    ''' <summary>
    ''' Parses a text of .ini-format.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="Data">The text to parse.</param>
    ''' <remarks></remarks>
    Public Shared Function Parse(ByVal Data As String) As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String))
        Dim Result As New Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String)) '(Section, (Value name, Value))
        Dim Sections As MatchCollection = SectionRegex.Matches(Data)

        'Iterate each section.
        For Each SectionMatch As Match In Sections
            Dim Section As New Dictionary(Of String, String)
            Dim SectionName As String = SectionMatch.Groups("section").Value
            Dim Values As MatchCollection = ValueRegex.Matches(SectionMatch.Groups("valuelist").Value)

            If Result.ContainsKey(SectionName) = True Then
                'A section by this name already exists.
                Dim i As Integer = 1

                'Append a number to the section name until a unique name is found.
                While Result.ContainsKey(SectionName & i)
                    i += 1
                End While

                Result.Add(SectionName & i, Section)
            Else
                'A section by this name does not exist.
                Result.Add(SectionName, Section)
            End If

            'Iterate each value of this section.
            For Each ValueMatch As Match In Values
                Dim ValueName As String = ValueMatch.Groups("valuename").Value
                Dim Value As String = ValueMatch.Groups("value").Value

                If Section.ContainsKey(ValueName) = True Then
                    'A value by this name already exists.
                    Dim i As Integer = 1

                    'Append a number to the value name until a unique name is found.
                    While Section.ContainsKey(ValueName & i)
                        i += 1
                    End While

                    Section.Add(ValueName & i, Value)
                Else
                    'A value by this name does not exist.
                    Section.Add(ValueName, Value)
                End If
            Next
        Next

        Return Result
    End Function
End Class

用法示例

• 一般读取值：

  Dim IniContents As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String)) = IniParser.ParseFile("C:\path\to\your\file\here.ini")
  
  For Each SectionName As String In IniContents.Keys
      For Each ValueName As String In IniContents(SectionName).Keys
          Dim Value As String = IniContents(SectionName)(ValueName)
  
          '[SectionName]
          'ValueName=Value
          'ValueName=Value
          '
          'SectionName: The name of the current section (ex: Jones).
          'ValueName  : The name of the current value   (ex: Email).
          'Value      : The value of [ValueName]        (ex: josh.jones@gmail.com).
          Console.WriteLine(SectionName & ": " & ValueName & " = " & Value)
      Next
  Next
  

• 将所有内容添加到TreeView，其中节点的Tag属性为值：

  Dim IniContents As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String)) = IniParser.ParseFile("C:\path\to\your\file\here.ini")
  
  For Each SectionName As String In IniContents.Keys
      Dim TopNode As TreeNode = TreeView1.Nodes.Add(SectionName)
      Dim Section As Dictionary(Of String, String) = IniContents(SectionName)
  
      For Each ValueName As String In Section.Keys
          TopNode.Nodes.Add(New TreeNode(ValueName) With {.Tag = Section(ValueName)})
      Next
  Next
  

TreeView示例的屏幕截图

正则表达式模式说明

• SectionRegex：

  Imports System.IO
  Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
  
  Public NotInheritable Class IniParser
      Private Shared SectionRegex As New Regex("\[(?<section>[^\n\[\]]+)\]\n*(?<valuelist>(.(?!\[[^\n\[\]]+\]))*)", RegexOptions.Singleline Or RegexOptions.CultureInvariant Or RegexOptions.Compiled)
      Private Shared ValueRegex As New Regex("(?<valuename>[^=\n]+)=(?<value>[^\n]*)", RegexOptions.CultureInvariant Or RegexOptions.Compiled)
  
      ''' <summary>
      ''' Parses an .ini-file.
      ''' </summary>
      ''' <param name="FileName">The path to the file to parse.</param>
      ''' <remarks></remarks>
      Public Shared Function ParseFile(ByVal FileName As String) As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String))
          Return IniParser.Parse(File.ReadAllText(FileName))
      End Function
  
      ''' <summary>
      ''' Parses a text of .ini-format.
      ''' </summary>
      ''' <param name="Data">The text to parse.</param>
      ''' <remarks></remarks>
      Public Shared Function Parse(ByVal Data As String) As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String))
          Dim Result As New Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String)) '(Section, (Value name, Value))
          Dim Sections As MatchCollection = SectionRegex.Matches(Data)
  
          'Iterate each section.
          For Each SectionMatch As Match In Sections
              Dim Section As New Dictionary(Of String, String)
              Dim SectionName As String = SectionMatch.Groups("section").Value
              Dim Values As MatchCollection = ValueRegex.Matches(SectionMatch.Groups("valuelist").Value)
  
              If Result.ContainsKey(SectionName) = True Then
                  'A section by this name already exists.
                  Dim i As Integer = 1
  
                  'Append a number to the section name until a unique name is found.
                  While Result.ContainsKey(SectionName & i)
                      i += 1
                  End While
  
                  Result.Add(SectionName & i, Section)
              Else
                  'A section by this name does not exist.
                  Result.Add(SectionName, Section)
              End If
  
              'Iterate each value of this section.
              For Each ValueMatch As Match In Values
                  Dim ValueName As String = ValueMatch.Groups("valuename").Value
                  Dim Value As String = ValueMatch.Groups("value").Value
  
                  If Section.ContainsKey(ValueName) = True Then
                      'A value by this name already exists.
                      Dim i As Integer = 1
  
                      'Append a number to the value name until a unique name is found.
                      While Section.ContainsKey(ValueName & i)
                          i += 1
                      End While
  
                      Section.Add(ValueName & i, Value)
                  Else
                      'A value by this name does not exist.
                      Section.Add(ValueName, Value)
                  End If
              Next
          Next
  
          Return Result
      End Function
  End Class
  

• ValueRegex：

  Dim IniContents As Dictionary(Of String, Dictionary(Of String, String)) = IniParser.ParseFile("C:\path\to\your\file\here.ini")
  
  For Each SectionName As String In IniContents.Keys
      For Each ValueName As String In IniContents(SectionName).Keys
          Dim Value As String = IniContents(SectionName)(ValueName)
  
          '[SectionName]
          'ValueName=Value
          'ValueName=Value
          '
          'SectionName: The name of the current section (ex: Jones).
          'ValueName  : The name of the current value   (ex: Email).
          'Value      : The value of [ValueName]        (ex: josh.jones@gmail.com).
          Console.WriteLine(SectionName & ": " & ValueName & " = " & Value)
      Next
  Next