Makefile with source get error`没有这样的文件或目录`

Question

我有一个非常简单Makefile的方法source来设置ENV变量.但如果我从中调用它,它就不起作用Makefile

我收到这个错误

make dev
source ./bin/authenticate.sh
make: source: No such file or directory
make: *** [dev] Error 1

该脚本存在.

如果我在命令行中运行它,它的工作原理.

source ./bin/authenticate.sh
Works!

这是我的 Makefile

test:
    pytest -s

dev:
    source ./bin/authenticate.sh

我正在使用OSX.我不确定这是否会有所作为.

Answer 1

tldr; 丢失source，请使用点（.）

后面有更长的解释...

因为它不工作，make正在寻找一个source 程序中$PATH。之所以失败，source是因为它是内置的（非POSIX）shell，而不是任何传统的类似UNIX的系统上的可执行程序。

我能够复制问题中显示的失败；在Ubuntu 16.04上使用GNU Make v4.1生成了以下（非常删节的）输出：

$ strace -f -s65536 -- make dev 2>&1 | grep 'authenticate'
read(3, "test:\n\tpytest -s\n\ndev:\n\tsource ./bin/authenticate.sh\n", 4096) = 53
write(1, "source ./bin/authenticate.sh\n", 29source ./bin/authenticate.sh
[pid 32100] execve("/usr/local/sbin/source", ["source", "./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 32100] execve("/usr/local/bin/source", ["source", "./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 32100] execve("/usr/sbin/source", ["source", "./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 32100] execve("/usr/bin/source", ["source", "./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 32100] execve("/sbin/source", ["source", "./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 32100] execve("/bin/source", ["source", "./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

您会发现make尝试查找该source程序失败了六次。即，针对my的每个组成部分$PATH。

如果source更改为.，则make更改其策略；与其尝试查找和执行程序，不如将规则主体传递给系统外壳程序：

$ strace -f -s65536 -- make dev 2>&1 | grep 'authenticate'
read(3, "test:\n\tpytest -s\n\ndev:\n\t. ./bin/authenticate.sh\n", 4096) = 48
write(1, ". ./bin/authenticate.sh\n", 24. ./bin/authenticate.sh
[pid 32122] execve("/bin/sh", ["/bin/sh", "-c", ". ./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = 0
[pid 32122] open("./bin/authenticate.sh", O_RDONLY) = 3

所使用的外壳类型make决定了每个Makefile规则中扩展哪些外壳内置。您可以make像这样使用自己选择的外壳：

$ cat Makefile
SHELL = /bin/bash
test:
        pytest -s

dev:
        source ./bin/authenticate.sh

由于bash将内置定义source为的同义词.，因此source现在使用的规则成功：

$ strace -f -s65536 -- make dev 2>&1 | grep 'authenticate'
read(3, "SHELL = /bin/bash\ntest:\n\tpytest -s\n\ndev:\n\tsource ./bin/authenticate.sh\n", 4096) = 71
write(1, "source ./bin/authenticate.sh\n", 29source ./bin/authenticate.sh
[pid 32573] execve("/bin/bash", ["/bin/bash", "-c", "source ./bin/authenticate.sh"], [/* 82 vars */]) = 0
[pid 32573] open("./bin/authenticate.sh", O_RDONLY) = 3

参考文献：

• https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Builtins.html#Bash-Builtins
• http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Shell-Builtin-Commands.html
• http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_09_01_01
• https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Choosing-the-Shell