python如何加载sys.path中的所有值？

Question

我是一个蟒蛇初学者,我在我的第一天玩我自己的python脚本和django等项目.

我使用Ubuntu并将PYTHONPATH设置为

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/python2.6:~/Projects/mypython 

当我遇到python解释器

import sys
print sys.path

我可以看到

['','/ usr/bin','/ usr/local/lib/python2.6/dad-package/romanmode-0.12-cf2-py2.6.egg','/ usr/local/lib/python2.6 /dist-packages/rope-0.9.3-py2.6.egg','/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/ropevim-0.3_rc-py2.6.egg','/ usr/lib/python2.6','/ home/jaume/Projects/mypython','/ usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2','/ usr/lib/python2.6/lib -tk','/ usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old','/ usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload','/ usr/local/lib/python2.6/did-package','/ usr/lib /python2.6/dist-packages','/ usr/lib/python2.6/did-package/PIL','/ usr/lib/python2.6/did-package/gst-0.10','/ usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6','/ usr/lib/python2.6/did-package/gtk-2.0','/ usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6/gtk-2.0','/ usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx-2.8-gtk2-unicode','/ usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6 /IPython/Extensions',u'/ home/jaume/.ipython']

python如何加载所有非PYTHONPATH路径？有指数吗？此外,我将我的django安装在/ usr/lib/pymodules中,即使它不在sys.path列表中,它也会运行.

非常感谢.

Answer 1

这是我的计算机上的 Python 解释器（其设置与您的计算机类似，但不相同）在开始运行我提供的代码之前打开的每个文件的列表：

$ strace -eopen python -c 1 2>&1 | grep -ve '-1 E'
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY)      = 3
open("/lib/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY)  = 3
open("/lib/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY)       = 3
open("/lib/libutil.so.1", O_RDONLY)     = 3
open("/usr/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/usr/lib/libz.so.1", O_RDONLY)    = 3
open("/lib/libm.so.6", O_RDONLY)        = 3
open("/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY)        = 3
open("/proc/meminfo", O_RDONLY)         = 3
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/site.py", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/site.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/os.py", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/os.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/posixpath.py", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/posixpath.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/stat.py", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/stat.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/genericpath.py", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/genericpath.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/warnings.py", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/warnings.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/linecache.py", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/linecache.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 8
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/types.py", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/types.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 8
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/UserDict.py", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/UserDict.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/_abcoll.py", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/_abcoll.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/abc.py", O_RDONLY) = 7
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/abc.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 8
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/copy_reg.py", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/copy_reg.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 6
open("/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/PIL.pth", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/pygst.pth", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/python-support.pth", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx.pth", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/zope.interface-3.5.3-nspkg.pth", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/sitecustomize.py", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/sitecustomize.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/encodings/__init__.py", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/encodings/__init__.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/codecs.py", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/codecs.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/encodings/aliases.py", O_RDONLY) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/encodings/aliases.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 5
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/encodings/utf_8.py", O_RDONLY) = 3
open("/usr/lib/python2.6/encodings/utf_8.pyc", O_RDONLY) = 4

所有这些都可能（至少有可能）对 sys.path 产生影响。然而，前面的东西不太可能site.py会出现这种情况（这些都是操作系统库和接口，不是 Python 特有的）。我建议您仔细查看site.py、sitecustomize.py和各种.pth文件（您的文件列表.pth将与我的不同；这是正常的）。