如何将 microsoft azure SQL 服务器连接到 django webapp

Question

我正在开发一个 Django 网络应用程序，对于这个应用程序，我想要一个在线数据库。碰巧的是，我的教职员工授予了使用某些 Microsoft Azure 服务（包括 SQL 数据库）的权限。现在，我想将 Azure SQL 数据库连接到我的 Django 项目，但是我无法让它工作。我可以通过 PyCharm 的数据源视图连接到数据库，但是在 settings.py 中使用相同的参数会产生此错误：

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x03846270>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
autoreload.raise_last_exception()
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 250, in raise_last_exception
six.reraise(*_exception)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 978, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 950, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 655, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 205, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 330, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 212, in __getitem__
conn = backend.DatabaseWrapper(db, alias)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\sqlserver_ado\base.py", line 184, in __init__
super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\kairy\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 96, in __init__
self.client = self.client_class(self)
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable

settings.py 中的 Database 对象如下所示（敏感信息已删除）：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        "ENGINE": "sqlserver_ado",
        'NAME': [databasename],
        "HOST": "tcp:[resourcegroup].database.windows.net",
        "PORT": "1433",
        "USER": [username@resourcegroup],
        "PASSWORD": [password]
    }
}

这个配置有什么问题？

Answer 1

每我的经验，如果你想Azure的SQL数据库从Django的web应用程序连接，最好的做法的简单方法是，按照django-pyodbc-azure安装Python包README pyodbc＆django-pyodbc-azure并配置settings.py正确的Django的文件，如下。

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc',
        'NAME': 'mydb',
        'USER': 'user@myserver',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'myserver.database.windows.net',
        'PORT': '',
        'OPTIONS': {
            'driver': 'ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server',
        },
    },
}