Mat*_*ias 5 overriding clone virtual-functions smart-pointers c++11
为什么需要(为了使其编译)中间体CloneImplementation和std::static_pointer_cast(参见下面的第3节)使用克隆模式std::shared_ptr而不是更接近(参见下面的第2节)使用原始指针(参见下面的第1节)?因为据我所知,std::shared_ptr有一个广义的复制构造函数和一个广义的赋值运算符?
1. 带有原始指针的克隆模式:
#include <iostream>
struct Base {
virtual Base *Clone() const {
std::cout << "Base::Clone\n";
return new Base(*this);
}
};
struct Derived : public Base {
virtual Derived *Clone() const override {
std::cout << "Derived::Clone\n";
return new Derived(*this);
}
};
int main() {
Base *b = new Derived;
b->Clone();
}
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2. 共享指针的克隆模式(幼稚的尝试):
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
struct Base {
virtual std::shared_ptr< Base > Clone() const {
std::cout << "Base::Clone\n";
return std::shared_ptr< Base >(new Base(*this));
}
};
struct Derived : public Base {
virtual std::shared_ptr< Derived > Clone() const override {
std::cout << "Derived::Clone\n";
return std::shared_ptr< Derived >(new Derived(*this));
}
};
int main() {
Base *b = new Derived;
b->Clone();
}
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输出:
error: invalid covariant return type for 'virtual std::shared_ptr<Derived> Derived::Clone() const'
error: overriding 'virtual std::shared_ptr<Base> Base::Clone() const'
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3. 共享指针的克隆模式:
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
struct Base {
std::shared_ptr< Base > Clone() const {
std::cout << "Base::Clone\n";
return CloneImplementation();
}
private:
virtual std::shared_ptr< Base > CloneImplementation() const {
std::cout << "Base::CloneImplementation\n";
return std::shared_ptr< Base >(new Base(*this));
}
};
struct Derived : public Base {
std::shared_ptr< Derived > Clone() const {
std::cout << "Derived::Clone\n";
return std::static_pointer_cast< Derived >(CloneImplementation());
}
private:
virtual std::shared_ptr< Base > CloneImplementation() const override {
std::cout << "Derived::CloneImplementation\n";
return std::shared_ptr< Derived >(new Derived(*this));
}
};
int main() {
Base *b = new Derived;
b->Clone();
}
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C++ 中的一般规则是覆盖函数必须与它覆盖的函数具有相同的签名。唯一的区别是指针和引用允许协方差:如果继承的函数返回A*or A&,则覆盖程序可以分别返回B*or B&,只要A是 的基类B。这条规则允许第1部分工作。
另一方面,std::shared_ptr<Derived>和std::shared_ptr<Base>是两种完全不同的类型,它们之间没有继承关系。因此,不可能从覆盖程序返回一个而不是另一个。第2是概念一样试图覆盖virtual int f()有std::string f() override。
这就是为什么需要一些额外的机制来使智能指针具有协变行为。您在第3节中展示的就是这样一种可能的机制。这是最通用的一种,但在某些情况下,也存在替代方案。例如这个:
struct Base {
std::shared_ptr< Base > Clone() const {
std::cout << "Base::Clone\n";
return std::shared_ptr< Base >(CloneImplementation());
}
private:
virtual Base* CloneImplementation() const {
return new Base(*this);
}
};
struct Derived : public Base {
std::shared_ptr< Derived > Clone() const {
std::cout << "Derived::Clone\n";
return std::shared_ptr< Derived >(CloneImplementation());
}
private:
virtual Derived* CloneImplementation() const override {
std::cout << "Derived::CloneImplementation\n";
return new Derived(*this);
}
};
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