如何使用Python的zipfile模块在ZIP文件中设置文件的权限(属性)？

Question

当我从使用Python zipfile模块创建的ZIP文件中提取文件时,所有文件都不可写,只读等.

该文件是在Linux和Python 2.5.2下创建和提取的.

我可以说,我需要ZipInfo.external_attr为每个文件设置属性,但这似乎没有记录在任何我能找到的地方,有人可以启发我吗？

Answer 1

这似乎有效(感谢Evan,把它放在这里所以线条在上下文中):

buffer = "path/filename.zip"  # zip filename to write (or file-like object)
name = "folder/data.txt"      # name of file inside zip 
bytes = "blah blah blah"      # contents of file inside zip

zip = zipfile.ZipFile(buffer, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
info = zipfile.ZipInfo(name)
info.external_attr = 0777 << 16L # give full access to included file
zip.writestr(info, bytes)
zip.close()

我仍然希望看到记录此内容的东西...我发现的另一个资源是Zip文件格式的注释:http://www.pkware.com/documents/casestudies/APPNOTE.TXT

Answer 2

此链接提供的信息比我在网上找到的任何其他内容都多.即使是拉链源也没有任何东西.复制相关部分以供后代使用.这个补丁实际上不是关于记录这种格式的,这只是为了说明当前文档是多么可悲(读取不存在).

# external_attr is 4 bytes in size. The high order two
# bytes represent UNIX permission and file type bits,
# while the low order two contain MS-DOS FAT file
# attributes, most notably bit 4 marking directories.
if node.isfile:
    zipinfo.compress_type = ZIP_DEFLATED
    zipinfo.external_attr = 0644 << 16L # permissions -r-wr--r--
    data = node.get_content().read()
    properties = node.get_properties()
    if 'svn:special' in properties and \
           data.startswith('link '):
        data = data[5:]
        zipinfo.external_attr |= 0120000 << 16L # symlink file type
        zipinfo.compress_type = ZIP_STORED
    if 'svn:executable' in properties:
        zipinfo.external_attr |= 0755 << 16L # -rwxr-xr-x
    zipfile.writestr(zipinfo, data)
elif node.isdir and path:
    if not zipinfo.filename.endswith('/'):
        zipinfo.filename += '/'
    zipinfo.compress_type = ZIP_STORED
    zipinfo.external_attr = 040755 << 16L # permissions drwxr-xr-x
    zipinfo.external_attr |= 0x10 # MS-DOS directory flag
    zipfile.writestr(zipinfo, '')

此外,此链接具有以下内容.这里低位字节可能意味着四个字节中最右边(最低)的字节.所以这个是用于MS-DOS的,否则可以保留为零.

外部文件属性:(4个字节)

      The mapping of the external attributes is
      host-system dependent (see 'version made by').  For
      MS-DOS, the low order byte is the MS-DOS directory
      attribute byte.  If input came from standard input, this
      field is set to zero.

此外,从Debian的档案中下载的InfoZIP zip程序源代码中的源文件unix/unix.c 在评论中有以下内容.

  /* lower-middle external-attribute byte (unused until now):
   *   high bit        => (have GMT mod/acc times) >>> NO LONGER USED! <<<
   *   second-high bit => have Unix UID/GID info
   * NOTE: The high bit was NEVER used in any official Info-ZIP release,
   *       but its future use should be avoided (if possible), since it
   *       was used as "GMT mod/acc times local extra field" flags in Zip beta
   *       versions 2.0j up to 2.0v, for about 1.5 years.
   */

所以把所有这些放在一起,看起来实际上只使用了第二高的字节,至少对于Unix来说.

编辑:我在Unix.SX上询问了Unix的这方面,问题是" zip格式的外部文件属性 ".看起来我有些不对劲.具体来说,前两个字节都用于Unix.

Answer 3

看看这个:在python中设置压缩文件的权限

我不完全确定这是不是你想要的,但它似乎是.

关键线似乎是:

zi.external_attr = 0777 << 16L

看起来它设置了0777那里的权限.

Answer 4

早期的答案对我不起作用(在OS X 10.12上).我发现除了可执行标志(八进制755),我还需要设置"常规文件"标志(八进制100000).我在这里找到了这个:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/14705/the-zip-formats-external-file-attribute

一个完整的例子:

zipname = "test.zip"
filename = "test-executable"

zip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)

f = open(filename, 'r')
bytes = f.read()
f.close()

info = zipfile.ZipInfo(filename)
info.date_time = time.localtime()
info.external_attr = 0100755 << 16L

zip.writestr(info, bytes, zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)

zip.close()

我的特定用例的完整示例,创建.app的zip,以便文件夹中的所有内容Contents/MacOS/都是可执行的:https://gist.github.com/Draknek/3ce889860cea4f59838386a79cc11a85

Answer 5

您可以扩展ZipFile该类以更改默认文件权限：

from zipfile import ZipFile, ZipInfo
import time

class PermissiveZipFile(ZipFile):
    def writestr(self, zinfo_or_arcname, data, compress_type=None):
        if not isinstance(zinfo_or_arcname, ZipInfo):
            zinfo = ZipInfo(filename=zinfo_or_arcname,
                            date_time=time.localtime(time.time())[:6])

            zinfo.compress_type = self.compression
            if zinfo.filename[-1] == '/':
                zinfo.external_attr = 0o40775 << 16   # drwxrwxr-x
                zinfo.external_attr |= 0x10           # MS-DOS directory flag
            else:
                zinfo.external_attr = 0o664 << 16     # ?rw-rw-r--
        else:
            zinfo = zinfo_or_arcname

        super(PermissiveZipFile, self).writestr(zinfo, data, compress_type)

此示例将默认文件权限更改为目录664并保留775。

相关代码：

• ZipFile.writestr, 蟒蛇 2.7
• ZipFile.writestr, 蟒蛇 3.6