JavaScript中长构造函数的最佳实践

Question

我正在创建具有大量属性的对象,我对实例化它们的最佳实践感到好奇.看起来真的很长的构造函数(实例化新对象并不好玩)似乎很糟糕.

function Book(title, author, pages, chapters, publisher, datePublished, authorHometown, protagonistFavoriteColor) {
  this.title = title;
  this.authorpages = authorpages;
  this.pages = pages;
  this.chapters = chapters;
  this.publisher = publisher;
  this.datePublished = datePublished;
  this.authorHometown = authorHometown;
  this.protagonistFavoriteColor = protagonistFavoriteColor;
}

// not reliable to remember how to order params
var rc = new Book("Robinson Crusoe", "Daniel Defoe", 342, 16, ...);

我想知道是否应该在构造函数中设置三个重要的属性(egtitle,author和pages),并为其余部分编写单独的setter.或者为了保持一致,我应该只使用setter吗？如果设置这种方式是最好的方法,JS是否有一种很好的方法来强制要求调用这些方法(类似于Java中的接口)？

function Book (title, author, pages){
  this.title = title;
  this.author = author;
  this.pages = pages;
  this.chapters = null;
  this.publisher = null;
  this.datePublished = null;
  this.authorHometown = null;
  this.protagonistFavoriteColor = null;
}

var rc = new Book("Robinson Crusoe", "Daniel Defoe", 342);
rc.setChapters(16);
rc.setPublisher("John Smith Co.");
rc.setDatePublished("04-25-1719");
rc.setAuthorHometown("London");
rc.setProtagonistFavoriteColor("lilac");
// we'd also want to mandate that these setters be called so nothing is left null

最后,将一个对象传递给我的构造函数并将其解构完全失败了构造函数的pt？

Answer 1

最佳实践是将定义属性的对象传递给构造函数：

function Book(props) {
  // create variables out of object (if you need to)
  const {
    title,
    author,
    pages,
    chapters,
    publisher,
    datePublished,
    authorHometown,
    protagonistFavoriteColor
  } = props;

  // assign properties to instance object
  Object.assign(this, props);
}

const rc = new Book({
  title: "Robinson Crusoe",
  author: "Daniel Defoe",
  pages: 342,
  chapters: 16,
  // rest of properties
});

console.log(rc);

JSFiddle 演示：https://jsfiddle.net/Lr6umykn/3/