线图中的中心 x 轴标签

Question

我正在用两条线构建一个线图，一条用于高温，另一条用于低温。x 轴基于日期时间格式（2014-01-01 等）一整年的天数。但是，我更改了几个月（一月、二月、三月等）的标签，而不是数据。问题是第一个标签“Jan”在原点。我想要的是将所有标签向右移动，使它们在刻度之间居中。

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

plt.plot(x, y1)
plt.plot(x, y2)

# Change x-axis from %y-%m-%d format to %m:
monthsFmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%m')
plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(monthsFmt)

# Replace numeric x-axis labels (1,2,3, ..., 12) for abbreviations of months ('Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', etc.):
labels = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)

# CODE GOES HERE TO CENTER X-AXIS LABELS...

# Render plot:
plt.show()

这是我正在寻找的结果：

Answer 1

按照 DavidG 发布的帖子中的建议使用小刻度应该可行。下面是我针对您的具体问题进行了调整的 MWE，强制主要刻度线出现在每个月的第一天，并使用次要刻度线将标签放置在主要刻度线之间：

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import datetime

# Generate some data for example :

yr = 2014
fig, ax = plt.subplots()

x0 = datetime.datetime(yr, 1, 1)
x = np.array([x0 + datetime.timedelta(days=i) for i in range(365)])

y1 = np.sin(2*np.pi*np.arange(365)/365) + np.random.rand(365)/5
y2 = np.sin(2*np.pi*np.arange(365)/365) + np.random.rand(365)/5 - 1

# Draw high and low temperatures lines :

ax.plot(x, y1, color='#c83c34')
ax.plot(x, y2, color='#28659c')
ax.fill_between(x, y2, y1, facecolor='#daecfd', alpha=0.5)

# Force the major ticks position on the first of each month and hide labels:

xticks = [datetime.datetime(yr, i+1, 1) for i in range(12)]
xticks.append(datetime.datetime(yr+1, 1, 1))
ax.set_xticks(xticks)
ax.tick_params(axis='both', direction='out', top=False, right=False)
ax.axis([xticks[0], xticks[-1], -2.5, 1.5])
ax.set_xticklabels([])

# CODE GOES HERE TO CENTER X-AXIS LABELS...

labels = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
          'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
mticks = ax.get_xticks()
ax.set_xticks((mticks[:-1]+mticks[1:])/2, minor=True)
ax.tick_params(axis='x', which='minor', length=0)
ax.set_xticklabels(labels, minor=True)
fig.tight_layout()

plt.show()

结果是：