如何在Mac OS X中监听应用程序启动事件？

Question

我写了一个AppleScript安装SparseBundle图像,我希望它在Time Machine启动时完全执行.

现在,我定期检查Time Machine是否使用AppleScriptusing on idle语句运行:

on idle
    ....
    return <interval>
end idle

这不是一种强有力的方式.在我看来,为Application Launch事件添加事件触发器将是一种更好的方法.

能否请你帮忙？

一个Objective-C或Python示例代码(我更喜欢Python)非常受欢迎.

Answer 1

您正在寻找的是NSDistributedNotificationCenter或NSWorkspace,这些可可类发布应用程序事件的通知,用于工作空间,应用程序启动,驱动器安装等.

要在python中执行此操作,您需要PyObjC,它基本上是Apple的可可类的python绑定.文档在他们的网站上很少,而且有一个原因,因为文档基本上与Apple文档相同,所以它们只包含pyobjc api和cocoa API之间的差异.如果您了解目标c api如何转换为python,那么您就可以了.点击此处:http://pyobjc.sourceforge.net/documentation/pyobjc-core/intro.html

我在下面包含了一个示例,它使用python监听分布式通知.下面的代码基本上添加了一个观察者并监听itunes通知.您可以遵循类似的结构,而是添加NSWorkspace的观察者.要弄清楚你应该听什么,有一个应用程序将显示通过你的系统的所有通知.它被称为通知观察者.用它来弄清楚你应该听什么.您还可以将目标c代码转换为python.

下面的代码是做什么的

1. 定义一个继承自NSObject的新类,由PyObjC定义
2. 定义一个方法,该方法将传递实际通知并将其打印出来
3. 创建Foundation.NSDistributedNotificationCenter.defaultCenter的实例
4. 创建GetSongs的实例
5. 注册观察者,将类传递给它,在收到通知时调用的方法以及要监视的应用程序和事件,即"com.apple.iTunes.playerInfo"
6. 运行事件循环,

有一件事会让你失望,访问属性(目标c属性)与访问python属性不同.即在python中你class_name.att为python 中的目标c 做,你必须像函数一样调用它,即从下面的例子:song.userInfo()

import Foundation
from AppKit import *
from PyObjCTools import AppHelper

class GetSongs(NSObject):
    def getMySongs_(self, song):
        print "song:", song
        song_details = {}
        ui = song.userInfo()
        print 'ui:', ui
        for x in ui:
            song_details[x] = ui.objectForKey_(x)
        print song_details

nc = Foundation.NSDistributedNotificationCenter.defaultCenter()
GetSongs = GetSongs.new()
nc.addObserver_selector_name_object_(GetSongs, 'getMySongs:', 'com.apple.iTunes.playerInfo',None)

NSLog("Listening for new tunes....")
AppHelper.runConsoleEventLoop()

这是实际输出的一个例子......(YES BRITNEY ROCKS!,NOT!;)

song NSConcreteNotification 0x104c0a3b0 {name = com.apple.iTunes.playerInfo; object = com.apple.iTunes.player; userInfo = {
    Album = Circus;
    "Album Rating" = 0;
    "Album Rating Computed" = 1;
    Artist = "Britney Spears";
    "Artwork Count" = 1;
    Genre = Pop;
    "Library PersistentID" = 8361352612761174229;
    Location = "file://localhost/Users/izze/Music/iTunes/iTunes%20Music/Britney%20Spears/Circus/02%20Circus.mp3";
    Name = Circus;
    PersistentID = 4028778662306031905;
    "Play Count" = 0;
    "Play Date" = "2010-06-26 08:20:57 +0200";
    "Player State" = Playing;
    "Playlist PersistentID" = 7784218291109903761;
    "Rating Computed" = 1;
    "Skip Count" = 1;
    "Skip Date" = "2010-06-26 12:20:57 +0200";
    "Store URL" = "itms://itunes.com/link?n=Circus&an=Britney%20Spears&pn=Circus";
    "Total Time" = 192444;
    "Track Count" = 16;
    "Track Number" = 2;
}}
ui {
    Album = Circus;
    "Album Rating" = 0;
    "Album Rating Computed" = 1;
    Artist = "Britney Spears";
    "Artwork Count" = 1;
    Genre = Pop;
    "Library PersistentID" = 8361352612761174229;
    Location = "file://localhost/Users/izze/Music/iTunes/iTunes%20Music/Britney%20Spears/Circus/02%20Circus.mp3";
    Name = Circus;
    PersistentID = 4028778662306031905;
    "Play Count" = 0;
    "Play Date" = "2010-06-26 08:20:57 +0200";
    "Player State" = Playing;
    "Playlist PersistentID" = 7784218291109903761;
    "Rating Computed" = 1;
    "Skip Count" = 1;
    "Skip Date" = "2010-06-26 12:20:57 +0200";
    "Store URL" = "itms://itunes.com/link?n=Circus&an=Britney%20Spears&pn=Circus";
    "Total Time" = 192444;
    "Track Count" = 16;
    "Track Number" = 2;
}
{u'Album Rating Computed': 1, u'Album': u'Circus', u'Rating Computed': True, u'Name': u'Circus', u'Artist': u'Britney Spears', u'Track Number': 2, u'Skip Date': 2010-06-26 12:20:57 +0200, u'Library PersistentID': 8361352612761174229L, u'Player State': u'Playing', u'Total Time': 192444L, u'Genre': u'Pop', u'Playlist PersistentID': 7784218291109903761L, u'Album Rating': 0, u'Location': u'file://localhost/Users/izze/Music/iTunes/iTunes%20Music/Britney%20Spears/Circus/02%20Circus.mp3', u'Skip Count': 1, u'Track Count': 16L, u'Artwork Count': 1, u'Play Date': 2010-06-26 08:20:57 +0200, u'PersistentID': 4028778662306031905L, u'Play Count': 0, u'Store URL': u'itms://itunes.com/link?n=Circus&an=Britney%20Spears&pn=Circus'}