在Android中使用Observable

Question

在Android中使用Observable

我想实现一个Navigation View包含许多片段的片段,这些片段完全依赖于在中定义的值MainActivity.我知道MainActivity中的变量可以使用MainActivity中定义的方法从其他Fragments获取以获取值,但是这里的catch是MainActivity中变量的值可能会改变(在AsyncThread上运行).现在,我要么更改代码,以便我的Fragments根据片段本身中的某些事件更新其值或使用SharedPreference.但我不想使用SharedPreferences,也不必多次检查值的变化.

我知道在RxJS中,我们使用Observable以异步方式运行,并以类似于传送带的方式工作.通过官方文档进行了一些谷歌搜索:Observable证实了我对Android中可用的类似内容的怀疑,但找不到任何适当的教程或如何实现它的解释.所以,我正在寻找一个简单的代码片段,它可以清楚地说明Observable在Android中是如何工作的,如果它是Async,并且它的基础类似于它的RxJS实现.(不,我不想要RxJS实现)

测试用例:

MainActivity : int a, b (need observable for both variables)
Frag1 : int a1 , b1, a1changed(),b1changed()
Frag2 : int a2 , b2, a2Changed(), b2changed()

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MainActivity包含整数,其值在更改时应反映在片段中的相应整数中,并在注意到的更改上调用每个片段的单独函数.

Answer 1

Gaë*_* M. 30

这是一个简单的例子,一个Activity和一个,Fragment但它将与其他片段相同.

首先,你需要创建一个代表你想要观察的值的类,在你的情况下它是一个简单的,int所以创建一个包含这个int和扩展的类Observable(它实现Serializable简化活动和片段之间的交换):

...
import java.util.Observable;

public class ObservableInteger extends Observable implements Serializable {

    private int value;

    public int getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public void setValue(int value) {
        this.value = value;
        this.setChanged();
        this.notifyObservers(value);
    }
}

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然后在一个活动中使用这个observable int(活动布局包含一个Button和一个FrameLayout用于显示a Fragment):

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private ObservableInteger a;
    private Button button;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Create observable int
        a = new ObservableInteger();
        // Set a default value to it
        a.setValue(0);

        // Create frag1
        Frag1 frag1 = new Frag1();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        // Put observable int (That why ObservableInteger implements Serializable)
        args.putSerializable(Frag1.PARAM, a);
        frag1.setArguments(args);

        // Add frag1 on screen
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.container, frag1).commit();

        // Add a button to change value of a dynamically
        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Set a new value in a
                a.setValue(a.getValue() + 1);
            }
        });
    }
}

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最后,创建一个Fragment监听价值变化:

...
import java.util.Observer;

public class Frag1 extends Fragment {
    public static final String PARAM = "param";

    private ObservableInteger a1;
    private Observer a1Changed = new Observer() {
        @Override
        public void update(Observable o, Object newValue) {
            // a1 changed! (aka a changed)
            // newValue is the observable int value (it's the same as a1.getValue())
            Log.d(Frag1.class.getSimpleName(), "a1 has changed, new value:"+ (int) newValue);
        }
    };

    public Frag1() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (getArguments() != null) {
            // Get ObservableInteger created in activity
            a1 = (ObservableInteger) getArguments().getSerializable(PARAM);
            // Add listener for value change
            a1.addObserver(a1Changed);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank, container, false);
    }
}

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我试着将我的变量命名为与你的变量相同,我希望它能帮到你.

Answer 2

Thi*_*nce 11

这里有一个使用Observable of Android (java.util.Observable)的好例子: https ://andhradroid.wordpress.com/2012/04/05/object-observer-pattern-in-android/

另一个关于在Java中使用Observer模式的例子: http ://www.journaldev.com/1739/observer-design-pattern-in-java.

一般来说,有两种方式:

使用java.util.Observable.
设计你自己的Observable(更灵活,帮助我们更深入地了解).

我更喜欢第二种方式,例如:( 抱歉,我想确保它有效,所以我做了一个完整的例子)

观察者:

public interface MyObservable {
    void addObserver(MyObserver myObserver);
    void removeObserver(MyObserver myObserver);
    void notifyObserversAboutA();
    void notifyObserversAboutB();
}

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观察员:

public interface MyObserver {
    void onAChange(int newValue);
    void onBChange(int newValue);
}

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MainActivity:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MyObservable {

    private List<MyObserver> myObservers;
    private int a, b;
    private EditText etA;
    private EditText etB;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        myObservers = new ArrayList<>();

        ViewPager vpContent = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.activity_main_vp_content);
        etA = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_a);
        etB = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_b);
        Button btnOk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_ok);

        //add fragments to viewpager
        List<Fragment> fragments = new ArrayList<>();
        Fragment1 fragment1 = new Fragment1();
        addObserver(fragment1);
        Fragment2 fragment2 = new Fragment2();
        addObserver(fragment2);

        fragments.add(fragment1);
        fragments.add(fragment2);
        MyFragmentPagerAdapter fragmentPagerAdapter
                = new MyFragmentPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), fragments);
        vpContent.setAdapter(fragmentPagerAdapter);

        btnOk.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String a = etA.getText().toString().trim();
                String b = etB.getText().toString().trim();

                if (!a.equals("") && !b.equals("")) {
                    setA(Integer.parseInt(a));
                    setB(Integer.parseInt(b));
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void setA(int value) {
        a = value;
        notifyObserversAboutA();
    }

    private void setB(int value) {
        b = value;
        notifyObserversAboutB();
    }

    @Override
    public void addObserver(MyObserver myObserver) {
        myObservers.add(myObserver);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(MyObserver myObserver) {
        myObservers.remove(myObserver);
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserversAboutA() {
        for (MyObserver observer : myObservers) {
            observer.onAChange(this.a);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserversAboutB() {
        for (MyObserver observer : myObservers) {
            observer.onBChange(this.b);
        }
    }
}

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片段1:

public class Fragment1 extends Fragment implements MyObserver {

    private TextView tvA;
    private TextView tvB;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
                             @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View contentView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_basic, container, false);

        tvA = (TextView) contentView.findViewById(R.id.tv_a);
        tvB = (TextView) contentView.findViewById(R.id.tv_b);

        return contentView;
    }

    @Override
    public void onAChange(int newValue) {
        tvA.setText(String.valueOf("New value of a: " + newValue));
    }

    @Override
    public void onBChange(int newValue) {
        tvB.setText(String.valueOf("New value of b: " + newValue));
    }
}

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片段2:

public class Fragment2 extends Fragment implements MyObserver {

    private TextView tvA;
    private TextView tvB;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container,
                             @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View contentView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_basic, container, false);

        tvA = (TextView) contentView.findViewById(R.id.tv_a);
        tvB = (TextView) contentView.findViewById(R.id.tv_b);

        return contentView;
    }

    @Override
    public void onAChange(int newValue) {
        tvA.setText(String.valueOf("New value of a: " + newValue));
    }

    @Override
    public void onBChange(int newValue) {
        tvB.setText(String.valueOf("New value of b: " + newValue));
    }
}

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适配器:

public class MyFragmentPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

    private List<Fragment> fragments;

    public MyFragmentPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, List<Fragment> fragments) {
        super(fm);
        this.fragments = fragments;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        return fragments.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return fragments.size();
    }
}

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主要布局activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="codeonce.thinktwice.testobserverpattern.MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:id="@+id/linearLayout">


        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_a"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:inputType="number"
            android:hint="Type value for a"/>

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_b"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:inputType="number"
            android:hint="Type value for b"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_ok"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:text="OK"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
        android:id="@+id/activity_main_vp_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_below="@+id/linearLayout"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true">

    </android.support.v4.view.ViewPager>

</RelativeLayout>

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片段布局fragment_basic.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal">

    <TextView
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_a"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Value of a will appear here"
        android:textSize="20sp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_b"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Value of b will appear here"
        android:textSize="20sp"/>

</LinearLayout>

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Answer 3

Ben*_*ing 5

Reactive不是Android的一部分，但您可能正在寻找此库：https : //github.com/JakeWharton/RxBinding

登陆页面缺少一个介绍性示例，因此您必须查看javadoc。这篇文章应该给您一个良好的开始：如何从OnClick Event Android创建Observable？这是Matt的代码示例，可帮助您入门

RxView.clicks(myButton)
    .subscribe(new Action1<Void>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Void aVoid) {
            /* do something */
        }
    });

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