如何在不执行的情况下检查Python脚本的语法？

Question

我曾经用来perl -c programfile检查Perl程序的语法,然后退出而不执行它.是否有相同的方法为Python脚本执行此操作？

Answer 1

您可以通过编译来检查语法:

python -m py_compile script.py

Answer 2

您可以使用这些工具:

• PyChecker
• Pyflakes
• pylint的

Answer 3

import sys
filename = sys.argv[1]
source = open(filename, 'r').read() + '\n'
compile(source, filename, 'exec')

将其保存为checker.py并运行python checker.py yourpyfile.py.

Answer 4

这是使用ast模块的另一种解决方案：

python -c "import ast; ast.parse(open('programfile').read())"

要从 Python 脚本中干净地执行此操作：

import ast, traceback

filename = 'programfile'
with open(filename) as f:
    source = f.read()
valid = True
try:
    ast.parse(source)
except SyntaxError:
    valid = False
    traceback.print_exc()  # Remove to silence any errros
print(valid)

Answer 5

python -m compileall -q .

将递归编译当前目录下的所有内容，并仅打印错误。

$ python -m compileall --help
usage: compileall.py [-h] [-l] [-r RECURSION] [-f] [-q] [-b] [-d DESTDIR] [-x REGEXP] [-i FILE] [-j WORKERS] [--invalidation-mode {checked-hash,timestamp,unchecked-hash}] [FILE|DIR [FILE|DIR ...]]

Utilities to support installing Python libraries.

positional arguments:
  FILE|DIR              zero or more file and directory names to compile; if no arguments given, defaults to the equivalent of -l sys.path

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -l                    don't recurse into subdirectories
  -r RECURSION          control the maximum recursion level. if `-l` and `-r` options are specified, then `-r` takes precedence.
  -f                    force rebuild even if timestamps are up to date
  -q                    output only error messages; -qq will suppress the error messages as well.
  -b                    use legacy (pre-PEP3147) compiled file locations
  -d DESTDIR            directory to prepend to file paths for use in compile-time tracebacks and in runtime tracebacks in cases where the source file is unavailable
  -x REGEXP             skip files matching the regular expression; the regexp is searched for in the full path of each file considered for compilation
  -i FILE               add all the files and directories listed in FILE to the list considered for compilation; if "-", names are read from stdin
  -j WORKERS, --workers WORKERS
                        Run compileall concurrently
  --invalidation-mode {checked-hash,timestamp,unchecked-hash}
                        set .pyc invalidation mode; defaults to "checked-hash" if the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, and "timestamp" otherwise.

当发现语法错误时，退出值为 1。

谢谢C2H5OH。

Answer 6

Pyflakes 会按照您的要求进行操作，它只是检查语法。从文档：

Pyflakes 做出了一个简单的承诺：它永远不会抱怨风格，并且会非常非常努力地永远不会发出误报。

Pyflakes 也比 Pylint 或 Pychecker 快。这主要是因为 Pyflakes 只单独检查每个文件的语法树。

安装和使用：

$ pip install pyflakes
$ pyflakes yourPyFile.py