用CMake为VS 2017生成解决方案的问题

Question

所以我昨天安装了Visual Studio 2017.我还安装了支持VS 2017的CMake 3.7.2.

我的VS安装与Game development with C++工作流程+一些其他组件:

我还添加了CMake的东西(但我认为我甚至不需要它 - 因为我使用CMake作为独立工具来生成VS解决方案)和MSBuild(我msbuild.exe甚至在添加该组件之前 - 所以没有确定该附加组件究竟做了什么).

使用VS 2015,我能够cmake .从正常的命令提示符运行以获得解决方案.

随着VS 2017工作流程的变化 - 我已经阅读了微软的这篇文章.

所以我尝试了以下方法:

• 我打开了Developer Command Prompt for VS 2017,从那里跑了cmake . -G "NMake Makefiles".然后cmake --build .正确运行编译的一切.

• 当我在提示中尝试以下操作时:cmake . -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"强制创建解决方案时出现以下错误:

  -- The C compiler identification is unknown
  -- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
  CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):
    No CMAKE_C_COMPILER could be found.
  CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:3 (project):
    No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER could be found.
  -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
  

我还尝试使用vswhere.exe设置环境并运行vcvarsall.bat如下:

"C:\ Program Files(x86)\ Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat"amd64

而且我只能生成NMake文件,而不是解决方案.

那么我该如何获得解决方案呢？

为什么要在cl.exe报告Version 19.10.25017时报告VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin？

Answer 1

把我的评论转化为答案

该错误-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown - No CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER could be found.基本上意味着CMake无法编译一个简单的测试程序(它始终作为识别/验证编译器的一部分).

您可以查看CMakeFiles\CMakeError.log(相对于您的二进制输出目录),错误原因应该在那里.

到目前为止我遇到的两个可能的原因:

1. 缺少管理员权限.如果您的Visual Studio设置为需要管理员权限,则可以尝试从具有管理权限进行交叉检查的shell中再次运行此命令.

2. 缺少Windows SDK.验证您的SDK安装,例如检查您是否安装了任何Resource Compiler.它应该在类似于以下的路径中:

   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v[some version]\bin\RC.Exe
   

Visual Studio 2017安装

请注意,即使您选择了一个C++预定义的软件包(因为我已经使用过,然后在选项卡下添加了更多软件包),Visual Studio也可能无法安装所有必需的C++软件包.Desktop development with C++Individual Components

以下是哪些选择对我有用(VS2017 Community Edition,Windows 10):

如果您有使用MFC/ATL库的项目,则需要将其添加到SDKs, libraries, and frameworks子类别下:

参考

• CMakeLists.txt的CMake错误:30(项目):找不到CMAKE_C_COMPILER
• CXX编译器标识未知
• VS 2010和CMake:'rc'未被识别为内部或外部命令

Answer 2

我正在使用Windows 7 ....在@Florian在评论中告诉我调查后CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log我设法解决了这个问题!

这是第一个日志:

Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:05:24 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Desktop_PlatformPrepareForBuild target) -> 
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.28


Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:05:24 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Desktop_PlatformPrepareForBuild target) -> 
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\Platforms\x64\PlatformToolsets\v141\Toolset.targets(36,5): error MSB8036: The Windows SDK version 8.1 was not found. Install the required version of Windows SDK or change the SDK version in the project property pages or by right-clicking the solution and selecting "Retarget solution". [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.13

我似乎需要Windows SDK version 8.1这样安装它作为一个组件(只安装了版本10).但后来又出现了另一个错误:

Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:17:21 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "Debug\".
  Creating directory "Debug\CompilerIdC.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "Debug\CompilerIdC.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCreate" was specified.
ClCompile:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\CL.exe /c /nologo /W0 /WX- /diagnostics:classic /Od /D _MBCS /Gm- /EHsc /RTC1 /MDd /GS /fp:precise /Zc:wchar_t /Zc:forScope /Zc:inline /Fo"Debug\\" /Fd"Debug\vc141.pdb" /Gd /TC /errorReport:queue CMakeCCompilerId.c
  CMakeCCompilerId.c
Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe /ERRORREPORT:QUEUE /OUT:".\CompilerIdC.exe" /INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /manifest:embed /PDB:".\CompilerIdC.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:".\CompilerIdC.lib" /MACHINE:X64 Debug\CMakeCCompilerId.obj
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Link target) -> 
  LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdC\CompilerIdC.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:01.04


Compiling the CXX compiler identification source file "CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp" failed.
Compiler:  
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
1
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Build started 3/10/2017 11:17:22 AM.
Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" on node 1 (default targets).
PrepareForBuild:
  Creating directory "Debug\".
  Creating directory "Debug\CompilerIdCXX.tlog\".
InitializeBuildStatus:
  Creating "Debug\CompilerIdCXX.tlog\unsuccessfulbuild" because "AlwaysCreate" was specified.
ClCompile:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\CL.exe /c /nologo /W0 /WX- /diagnostics:classic /Od /D _MBCS /Gm- /EHsc /RTC1 /MDd /GS /fp:precise /Zc:wchar_t /Zc:forScope /Zc:inline /Fo"Debug\\" /Fd"Debug\vc141.pdb" /Gd /TP /errorReport:queue CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
  CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
Link:
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX86\x64\link.exe /ERRORREPORT:QUEUE /OUT:".\CompilerIdCXX.exe" /INCREMENTAL:NO /NOLOGO kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib odbc32.lib odbccp32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTUAC:"level='asInvoker' uiAccess='false'" /manifest:embed /PDB:".\CompilerIdCXX.pdb" /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /TLBID:1 /DYNAMICBASE /NXCOMPAT /IMPLIB:".\CompilerIdCXX.lib" /MACHINE:X64 Debug\CMakeCXXCompilerId.obj
LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]
Done Building Project "D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default targets) -- FAILED.

Build FAILED.

"D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj" (default target) (1) ->
(Link target) -> 
  LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib' [D:\doctest\build\CMakeFiles\3.8.0-rc2\CompilerIdCXX\CompilerIdCXX.vcxproj]

    0 Warning(s)
    1 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:00.60

所以LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'ucrtd.lib'听起来很像我需要安装更多的组件 - 所以我做了:

• Visual C++ runtime for UWP
• Windows Universal CRT SDK

之后问题就消失了!