如何使用 FuncAnimation 通过 matplotlib 更新和动画多个图形？

Question

尝试创建一个程序来读取串行数据并更新多个图形（目前有 1 个折线图和 2 个条形图，但可能会更多）。

现在使用 3 个单独的 FuncAnimation() 调用，但事实证明速度非常慢，这不好，因为我仍然需要在将来添加更多动画人物的选项。

那么我怎样才能使它成为一个单一的 FuncAnimation （或者类似的东西）来更新所有三个（可能更多）数字呢？或者，我可以做些什么来加快速度呢？

#figure for current
amps = plt.figure(1)
ax1 = plt.subplot(xlim = (0,100), ylim = (0,500))
line, = ax1.plot([],[])
ax1.set_ylabel('Current (A)')

#figure for voltage
volts = plt.figure(2)
ax2 = plt.subplot()
rects1 = ax2.bar(ind1, voltV, width1)
ax2.grid(True)
ax2.set_ylim([0,6])
ax2.set_xlabel('Cell Number')
ax2.set_ylabel('Voltage (V)')
ax2.set_title('Real Time Voltage Data')
ax2.set_xticks(ind1)

#figure for temperature
temp = plt.figure(3)
ax3 = plt.subplot()
rects2 = ax3.bar(ind2, tempC, width2)
ax3.grid(True)
ax3.set_ylim([0,101])
ax3.set_xlabel('Sensor Number')
ax3.set_ylabel('temperature (C)')
ax3.set_title('Real Time Temperature Data')
ax3.set_xticks(ind2)

def updateAmps(frameNum):

    try:
    #error check for bad serial data
        serialString = serialData.readline()
        serialLine = [float(val) for val in serialString.split()]
        print (serialLine)

        if (len(serialLine) == 5):
            voltV[int(serialLine[1])] = serialLine[2]
            tempC[int(serialLine[3])] = serialLine[4]
            currentA.append(serialLine[0])
            if (len(currentA)>100):
                currentA.popleft()

        line.set_data(range(100), currentA)

    except ValueError as e:
    #graphs not updated for bad serial data
        print (e)

    return line,

#function to update real-time voltage data
def updateVolts(frameNum):

    for rects, h in zip(rects1,voltV):
        rects.set_height(h)

    return rects1

#function to update real-time temperature data
def updateTemp(frameNum):

    for rects, h in zip(rects2,tempC):
        rects.set_height(h)

    return rects2

调用 funcAnimation：

anim1 = animation.FuncAnimation(amps, updateAmps,
                                interval = 20, blit = True)
anim2 = animation.FuncAnimation(volts, updateVolts, interval = 25, blit = True)
anim3 = animation.FuncAnimation(temp, updateTemp, interval = 30, blit = True)

Answer 1

呼应 @ImportanceOfBeingErnest 的评论，显而易见的解决方案是使用 3 个子图和仅一个FuncAnimation()调用。您只需确保回调函数返回要在每次迭代时更新的所有艺术家的列表。

一个缺点是更新将在所有 3 个子图中以相同的时间间隔进行（与示例中的不同时间相反）。您可以通过使用全局变量来解决这个问题，该变量计算函数被调用的次数，并且仅每隔一段时间就绘制一些图。

#figure 
fig = plt.figure(1)
# subplot for current
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(131, xlim = (0,100), ylim = (0,500))
line, = ax1.plot([],[])
ax1.set_ylabel('Current (A)')

#subplot for voltage
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(132)
rects1 = ax2.bar(ind1, voltV, width1)
ax2.grid(True)
ax2.set_ylim([0,6])
ax2.set_xlabel('Cell Number')
ax2.set_ylabel('Voltage (V)')
ax2.set_title('Real Time Voltage Data')
ax2.set_xticks(ind1)

#subplot for temperature
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(133)
rects2 = ax3.bar(ind2, tempC, width2)
ax3.grid(True)
ax3.set_ylim([0,101])
ax3.set_xlabel('Sensor Number')
ax3.set_ylabel('temperature (C)')
ax3.set_title('Real Time Temperature Data')
ax3.set_xticks(ind2)

def updateAmps(frameNum):

    try:
    #error check for bad serial data
        serialString = serialData.readline()
        serialLine = [float(val) for val in serialString.split()]
        print (serialLine)

        if (len(serialLine) == 5):
            voltV[int(serialLine[1])] = serialLine[2]
            tempC[int(serialLine[3])] = serialLine[4]
            currentA.append(serialLine[0])
            if (len(currentA)>100):
                currentA.popleft()

        line.set_data(range(100), currentA)

    except ValueError as e:
    #graphs not updated for bad serial data
        print (e)

    return line,

#function to update real-time voltage data
def updateVolts(frameNum):

    for rects, h in zip(rects1,voltV):
        rects.set_height(h)

    return rects1

#function to update real-time temperature data
def updateTemp(frameNum):

    for rects, h in zip(rects2,tempC):
        rects.set_height(h)

    return rects2

def updateALL(frameNum):
    a = updateAmps(frameNum)
    b = updateVolts(frameNum)
    c = updateTemp(frameNum)
    return a+b+c

animALL = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, updateALL,
                                interval = 20, blit = True)