Chr*_*mer 12 c c++ optimization 64-bit bit-manipulation
你觉得函数haswon有优化的余地吗(见下文)?
我认为,从不断变化的参数类型__int64,以unsigned __int64取得该函数更快,所以我thougt也许还有优化的机会.
更详细: 我正在写一个连接四游戏.最近我使用了Profiler Very Sleepy,并认识到函数haswon使用了大部分的cpu-time.该功能使用连接四板的位板表示给一个玩家.我在fourstones基准测试的源代码中发现了这个函数.位板表示如下:
. . . . . . . TOP
5 12 19 26 33 40 47
4 11 18 25 32 39 46
3 10 17 24 31 38 45
2 9 16 23 30 37 44
1 8 15 22 29 36 43
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 BOTTOM
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功能:
// return whether newboard includes a win
bool haswon(unsigned __int64 newboard)
{
unsigned __int64 y = newboard & (newboard >> 6);
if (y & (y >> 2 * 6)) // check \ diagonal
return true;
y = newboard & (newboard >> 7);
if (y & (y >> 2 * 7)) // check horizontal -
return true;
y = newboard & (newboard >> 8);
if (y & (y >> 2 * 8)) // check / diagonal
return true;
y = newboard & (newboard >> 1);
if (y & (y >> 2)) // check vertical |
return true;
return false;
}
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谢谢!
编辑: CPU是x86,32位架构,我正在使用Visual Studio 2008 Express Edition中的编译器.优化标志是/ O2/Oi/GL.
我尝试了Ben Jackson建议的函数haswon2.来自Microsoft Compiler的程序集,以及发行版本(/ O2/Oi/GL)的默认优化标志,几乎没有显示运行时差异.看起来VC-Compiler与gcc相比无法利用它不能严格按顺序评估每个条件.
结果:
haswon原文:

来自Ben Jackson的haswon2:

编辑2:haswon的 集会:
00401A10 mov eax,dword ptr [esp+4]
00401A14 mov ecx,dword ptr [esp+8]
00401A18 push ebx
00401A19 push esi
00401A1A push edi
00401A1B mov edx,eax
00401A1D mov edi,ecx
00401A1F shrd edx,edi,6
00401A23 mov esi,edx
00401A25 shr edi,6
00401A28 and esi,eax
00401A2A and edi,ecx
00401A2C mov edx,esi
00401A2E mov ebx,edi
00401A30 shrd edx,ebx,0Ch
00401A34 shr ebx,0Ch
00401A37 and edx,esi
00401A39 and ebx,edi
00401A3B or edx,ebx
00401A3D je `anonymous namespace'::haswon+35h (401A45h)
00401A3F mov al,1
00401A41 pop edi
00401A42 pop esi
00401A43 pop ebx
00401A44 ret
00401A45 mov edx,eax
00401A47 mov edi,ecx
00401A49 shrd edx,edi,7
00401A4D mov esi,edx
00401A4F shr edi,7
00401A52 and esi,eax
00401A54 and edi,ecx
00401A56 mov edx,esi
00401A58 mov ebx,edi
00401A5A shrd edx,ebx,0Eh
00401A5E shr ebx,0Eh
00401A61 and edx,esi
00401A63 and ebx,edi
00401A65 or edx,ebx
00401A67 jne `anonymous namespace'::haswon+2Fh (401A3Fh)
00401A69 mov edx,eax
00401A6B mov edi,ecx
00401A6D shrd edx,edi,8
00401A71 mov esi,edx
00401A73 shr edi,8
00401A76 and esi,eax
00401A78 and edi,ecx
00401A7A mov edx,esi
00401A7C mov ebx,edi
00401A7E shrd edx,ebx,10h
00401A82 shr ebx,10h
00401A85 and edx,esi
00401A87 and ebx,edi
00401A89 or edx,ebx
00401A8B jne `anonymous namespace'::haswon+2Fh (401A3Fh)
00401A8D mov edx,eax
00401A8F mov esi,ecx
00401A91 shrd edx,esi,1
00401A95 shr esi,1
00401A97 and esi,ecx
00401A99 and edx,eax
00401A9B mov eax,edx
00401A9D mov ecx,esi
00401A9F shrd eax,ecx,2
00401AA3 shr ecx,2
00401AA6 and eax,edx
00401AA8 and ecx,esi
00401AAA or eax,ecx
00401AAC jne `anonymous namespace'::haswon+2Fh (401A3Fh)
00401AAE pop edi
00401AAF pop esi
00401AB0 xor al,al
00401AB2 pop ebx
00401AB3 ret
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Ben*_*son 17
这个版本背后的想法是避免严格的测试顺序(中间返回强制编译器按顺序逐个评估条件)以及与多个if语句关联的分支:
// return whether newboard includes a win
bool haswon2(uint64_t newboard)
{
uint64_t y = newboard & (newboard >> 6);
uint64_t z = newboard & (newboard >> 7);
uint64_t w = newboard & (newboard >> 8);
uint64_t x = newboard & (newboard >> 1);
return (y & (y >> 2 * 6)) | // check \ diagonal
(z & (z >> 2 * 7)) | // check horizontal -
(w & (w >> 2 * 8)) | // check / diagonal
(x & (x >> 2)); // check vertical |
}
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通过适当的优化级别,您可以将w,x,y和z视为移位值的"别名".这意味着最终的return语句会将整个操作抛入一个大汤中供编译器使用.在我的系统上,此版本仅占原始运行时的65%(包括每次生成随机位置的开销).如果董事会主要是非赢家,它可能会赢得更大的比例.
查看每个(从gcc -O3)原始版本的反汇编实际上更短,因此在紧密内循环中缺少分支可能真的有帮助.