Django - 如何使用 ListView 和 Template 显示模型的所有字段？

Question

我想创建如下所示的 HTML 模板。

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\xe3\x83\xbbmodels.py

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class Client(Model):\nname = CharField(max_length=50)\nemail = EmailField(max_length=100, verbose_name="E-mail")\ntitle = CharField(max_length=50)\ndepartment = CharField(max_length=50)\n

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\xe3\x83\xbbData

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| Name | Mail | Title | Department |\n| John | john@mailaddress.com | engineer | development |\n| Bob | bob@mailaddress.com | engineer | development |\n| Sam | sam@mailaddress.com | engineer | development |\n

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\xe3\x83\xbbviews.py

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class myListView(, ListView):\nmodel = Client\ntemplate_name = "template.html"\n

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\xe3\x83\xbbtemplate.html

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       <table>\n          <tbody>\n          {% for item in object_list %}\n            <tr>\n              <td>{{ item }}</td>\n            </tr>\n          {% endfor %}\n          <!--- table items end -->\n          </tbody>\n        </table>\n

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\xe3\x83\xbb期望（表）

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| John | john@mailaddress.com | engineer | development |\n| Bob | bob@mailaddress.com | engineer | development |\n| Sam | sam@mailaddress.com | engineer | development |\n

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我不想在模板文件中写入所有键，因为我的产品数据有太多列。

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你能告诉我如何制作模板吗？

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Answer 1

基本上，在模板中渲染模型就像这样；

{% for item in object_list %}
  <tr>
    <td>{{ item.name }}</td>
    <td>{{ item.email }}</td>
    <td>{{ item.title }}</td>
    <td>{{ item.department }}</td>
  </tr>
{% endfor %}

但是，如果您不想将所有密钥写入模板文件中。您也可以在模型中处理它。一个例子：

class Client(Model):
    name = CharField(max_length=50)
    email = EmailField(max_length=100, verbose_name="E-mail")
    title = CharField(max_length=50)
    department = CharField(max_length=50)

    def get_string_fields(self):
        return '%(name)s - %(email)s - %(title)s - %(department)s' % {
            'name': self.name, 'email': self.email, 
            'title': self.title, 'department': self.department}

然后，在你的模板中应该是..

{% for item in object_list %}
  <tr>
    <td>{{ item.get_string_fields }}</td>
  </tr>
{% endfor %}

或者，您可以使用__str__ (Python3)和__unicode__ (Python2)返回与get_string_fields(self)上面相同的函数。然后，如果您在模板中渲染以下内容{{ item }}，应该返回您从函数中获得的__str__内容__unicode__。

其他可选

_meta像这样使用答案。model._meta.get_all_field_names()将为您提供模型的所有字段名称，然后您可以使用model._meta.get_field()它来获取详细名称，并getattr(model_instance, 'field_name')从模型中获取值。

注意：model._meta.get_all_field_names()在 django 1.9 中已弃用。相反，用于model._meta.get_fields()获取模型的字段并field.name获取每个字段名称。一个例子：

class Client(Model):
    name = CharField(max_length=50)
    email = EmailField(max_length=100, verbose_name="E-mail")
    title = CharField(max_length=50)
    department = CharField(max_length=50)

    def get_string_fields(self):
        # list of some excluded fields
        excluded_fields = ['id', 'pk']

        # getting all fields that available in `Client` model,
        # but not in `excluded_fields`
        field_names = [field.name for field in Client._meta.get_fields() 
                       if field.name not in excluded_fields]
        values = []
        for field_name in field_names:
            # get specific value from instanced object.
            # and outputing as `string` value.
            values.append('%s' % getattr(self, field_name))

        # joining all string values.
        return ' | '.join(values)