在ubuntu上将python3.4升级到python3.6会破坏pip

Question

我目前有python3.4后,我正试图在我的机器上安装python3.6.但是,安装后试图pip在python3.6下运行给我错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "pip3", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 59, in <module>
    from pip.log import logger
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/log.py", line 9, in <module>
    import colorama, pkg_resources
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 1520, in <module>
    register_loader_type(importlib_bootstrap.SourceFileLoader, DefaultProvider)
AttributeError: module 'importlib._bootstrap' has no attribute 'SourceFileLoader'
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 63, in apport_excepthook
    from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from apport.report import Report
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 30, in <module>
    import apport.fileutils
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/fileutils.py", line 23, in <module>
    from apport.packaging_impl import impl as packaging
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py", line 20, in <module>
    import apt
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    import apt_pkg
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'

Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "pip3", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 59, in <module>
    from pip.log import logger
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/log.py", line 9, in <module>
    import colorama, pkg_resources
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources.py", line 1520, in <module>
    register_loader_type(importlib_bootstrap.SourceFileLoader, DefaultProvider)
AttributeError: module 'importlib._bootstrap' has no attribute 'SourceFileLoader'

互联网上有几条关于遇到错误的评论,但是,它们都没有包含任何实际的解决方案建议.有谁知道如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

我设法解决了它,没有从源头安装任何东西.这是我做的:

1. 首先,安装pipPython3.x(出于一些奇怪的原因,我没有它...)

   $ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
   

   这是旧版本......

   $ pip3 --version
   pip 1.5.4 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.4)
   

2. ...所以升级到最新版本

   $ sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
   

   现在好多了

   $ sudo pip3 --version
   pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages (python 3.4)
   

3. 然后升级 virtualenvvwrapper

   $ sudo pip3 install --upgrade virtualenvwrapper
   # ...
   Successfully installed pbr-3.0.1 six-1.10.0 stevedore-1.22.0 virtualenv-15.1.0 virtualenv-clone-0.2.6 virtualenvwrapper-4.7.2
   

4. 现在创建一个新的virtualenv工作:

   $ mkvirtualenv -p `which python3.6` <VIRTUALENV_NAME>
   

   pip 也有效:

   $ pip install django
   # ...
   Successfully installed django-1.11.2 pytz-2017.2
   
   $ pip freeze
   Django==1.11.2
   pytz==2017.2
   

注意:现在我意识到它比你要求的要多一些,但是(不知道你究竟在哪里失败了)我猜你应该在第2步之后做好.

Answer 2

有同样的问题.从源代码安装python有帮助.

# Remove existing python 3.6 if installed with apt
$ sudo apt-get autoremove python3.6

# Get the source
$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
$ tar xvf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz
$ cd Python-3.6.1

# Configure and install
$ sudo ./configure
$ sudo make altinstall

# Success!
$ pip3.6 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)

编辑:我发现了pyenv.使安装和管理不同的python版本变得更加容易.试试看!