如何在Ubuntu VPS GNOME环境中为TightVNC正确配置xstartup文件

Question

如何在Ubuntu VPS GNOME环境中为TightVNC正确配置xstartup文件

Mat*_*unz 6 x11 gnome xlib vnc-server ubuntu-16.04

我想使用带有VNC的GNOME环境来访问我的Ubuntu 16.10 VPS（Contabo），但是我仍然遇到一些我目前无法解决的问题。要安装和配置软件，我运行了以下命令：

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xtightvncviewer tightvnc-java
sudo locale-gen de_DE.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install xfonts-75dpi
sudo apt-get install xfonts-100dpi
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
sudo apt-get install metacity
sudo apt-get install light-themes
touch ~/.Xresources
vncpasswd

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文件〜/ .vnc / xstartup最初包含以下几行：

#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources 
xsetroot -solid grey
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work 
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1 
/etc/X11/Xsession

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当我启动VNC服务器时，vncserver -geometry 1920x1200根据〜/ .vnc中的日志文件，一切正常

17/02/17 11:47:48 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10 17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group 17/02/17 11:47:48 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge 17/02/17 11:47:48 All Rights Reserved. 17/02/17 11:47:48 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC 17/02/17 11:47:48 Desktop name 'X' (host:1) 17/02/17 11:47:48 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t 17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901 17/02/17 11:47:48 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801
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我可以通过VNCViewer从Windows PC成功连接，并看到一个灰色窗口。

现在，对我来说尚不清楚的是，我必须在〜/ .vnc / xstartup中进行更改才能使Gnome运行。我尝试了许多不同的设置。

例如，当我将xstartup更改为

#!/bin/sh xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" & #x-window-manager & # Fix to make GNOME work export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1 /etc/X11/Xsession #gnome-session & gnome-panel & gnome-settings-daemon & metacity & nautilus &
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并通过VNC连接，我在vnc日志文件中收到以下错误消息：

17/02/17 14:13:09 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10 17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group 17/02/17 14:13:09 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge 17/02/17 14:13:09 All Rights Reserved. 17/02/17 14:13:09 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC 17/02/17 14:13:09 Desktop name 'X' (host:1) 17/02/17 14:13:09 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t 17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901 17/02/17 14:13:09 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801 17/02/17 14:13:09 URL http://5801 (nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files metacity-Message: could not find XKB extension. Window manager warning: Missing composite extension required for compositing (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): rfkill-plugin-WARNING **: Could not open RFKILL control device, please verify your installation ** (gnome-panel:7804): WARNING **: Failed to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files (nautilus:7807): Gtk-WARNING **: Theme parsing error: <broken file>:1:0: Failed to import: The resource at '/org/gnome/libgd/tagged-entry/default.css' does not exist Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): media-keys-plugin-WARNING **: Unable to inhibit keypresses: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: Permission denied ** (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): WARNING **: Unable to register client: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files ** (process:7845): WARNING **: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: g_task_return_error: assertion 'error != NULL' failed Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". (gnome-settings-daemon:7805): sharing-plugin-WARNING **: Failed to StopUnit service: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.systemd1.NoSuchUnit: Unit rygel.service not loaded. Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". (gnome-panel:7804): Gtk-WARNING **: Allocating size to PanelToplevel 0x55e8b9e1fba0 without calling gtk_widget_get_preferred_width/height(). How does the code know the size to allocate? Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1". Nautilus-Share-Message: Called "net usershare info" but it failed: Failed to execute child process "net" (No such file or directory) Xlib: extension "XInputExtension" missing on display ":1".
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这就是我可以通过VNCViewer看到的内容：

到目前为止，我还无法解决日志文件中的问题。非常感谢您的帮助。

更新1

如果我适应〜/ .vnc / xstartup中根据更新2的muktupavels这样回答我的日志文件看起来，当我通过连接的vncviewer：

21/02/17 08:51:52 Xvnc version TightVNC-1.3.10 21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 TightVNC Group 21/02/17 08:51:52 Copyright (C) 1999 AT&T Laboratories Cambridge 21/02/17 08:51:52 All Rights Reserved. 21/02/17 08:51:52 See http://www.tightvnc.com/ for information on TightVNC 21/02/17 08:51:52 Desktop name 'X' (host:1) 21/02/17 08:51:52 Protocol versions supported: 3.3, 3.7, 3.8, 3.7t, 3.8t 21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 5901 21/02/17 08:51:52 Listening for HTTP connections on TCP port 5801 21/02/17 08:51:52 URL http://host:5801 21/02/17 08:51:58 Got connection from client xxx 21/02/17 08:51:58 Using protocol version 3.8 21/02/17 08:52:03 Full-control authentication passed by xxx 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15 21/02/17 08:52:04 Using zlib encoding for client xxx 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314 21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client xxx 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223 21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx: 21/02/17 08:52:04 8 bpp, depth 8 21/02/17 08:52:04 uses a colour map (not true colour). 21/02/17 08:52:04 Using raw encoding for client xxx 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314 21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 15 21/02/17 08:52:04 Using hextile encoding for client xxx 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 22 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 21 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding 16 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -314 21/02/17 08:52:04 Enabling full-color cursor updates for client 141.83.54.107 21/02/17 08:52:04 rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: ignoring unknown encoding -223 21/02/17 08:52:04 Pixel format for client xxx: 21/02/17 08:52:04 32 bpp, depth 24, little endian 21/02/17 08:52:04 true colour: max r 255 g 255 b 255, shift r 16 g 8 b 0 21/02/17 08:52:04 no translation needed 21/02/17 08:52:08 KbdAddEvent: unknown KeySym 0xffeb - allocating KeyCode 89
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这是GUI的屏幕截图：

现在，时钟等在顶部面板上可见。但是，桌面仍为灰色，右键单击不起作用。

另外，某些应用程序（例如GNOME Terminal）最初并未启动。当我尝试使用xterm启动终端时，出现以下错误消息：

Error constructing proxy for org.gnome.Terminal:/org/gnome/Terminal/Factory0: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.gnome.Terminal: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut: Failed to activate service 'org.gnome.Terminal': timed out
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执行以下命令并重新启动后，GNOME终端和所有其他程序都可以工作：

sudo locale-gen sudo localectl set-locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8" sudo reboot
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更新3

--debug向中的gnome-sessioncmd 添加了参数~/.vnc/xstartup。重新启动vncserver之后，我在以下消息中收到以下消息~/.xsession-errors：

Xsession: X session started for <user> at Di 21. Feb 08:35:01 CET 2017 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1 dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1 X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts) Value in failed request: 0x5 Serial number of failed request: 6 Current serial number in output stream: 8 localuser:<user> being added to access control list X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation) Major opcode of failed request: 109 (X_ChangeHosts) Value in failed request: 0x5 Serial number of failed request: 6 Current serial number in output stream: 8 openConnection: connect: No such file or directory cannot connect to braille devices daemon brltty at :0 Incompatible XKB server support dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1 Error: couldn't find RGB GLX visual or fbconfig OpenGL version not found. dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s dbus-update-activation-environment: setting VNCDESKTOP=X dbus-update-activation-environment: setting MAIL=/var/mail/<user> dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CLIENT=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 22 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting USER=<user> dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANGUAGE=en_US: dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TIME=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHLVL=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting HOME=/home/<user> dbus-update-activation-environment: setting OLDPWD=/home/<user>/.vnc dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting GTK_MODULES=gail:atk-bridge dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MONETARY=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-x72bVPIADb,guid=db78e03690370c91adb4424458abeda5 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting IM_CONFIG_PHASE=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LOGNAME=<user> dbus-update-activation-environment: setting _=/usr/bin/vncserver dbus-update-activation-environment: setting TERM=xterm dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PATH=/home/<user>/bin:/home/<user>/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_ADDRESS=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/1000 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting DISPLAY=:1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_TELEPHONE=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LANG=en_US dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36: dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SHELL=/bin/bash dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NAME=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting QT_ACCESSIBILITY=1 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_MEASUREMENT=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_IDENTIFICATION=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting PWD=/home/<user> dbus-update-activation-environment: setting SSH_CONNECTION=xx.xxx.xx.xx 54876 xx.xxx.xx.xx 22 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting XDG_DATA_DIRS=/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_NUMERIC=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: setting LC_PAPER=de_DE.UTF-8 dbus-update-activation-environment: warning: error sending to systemd: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
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Answer 1

muk*_*els 6

您的vnc日志文件告诉您有关问题。您需要安装一些软件包：
sudo apt-get install metacity gnome-panel

更新1：

您只需要x-window-manager或metacity。两者都提供窗口管理器，您只需要一个。从屏幕截图中，我仅看到两个问题-灰屏和指示器丢失。

要修复缺少的指示器，请再安装一个软件包：
sudo apt-get install indicator-applet-complete

要修复灰屏，您需要--force-desktop命令行选项。如果您不希望使用默认的Nautilus窗口，则可以添加--no-default-window：
nautilus --force-desktop &或nautilus --force-desktop --no-default-window

GNOME Flashback (Metacity)在Ubuntu 16.10中会话也unity-settings-daemon不能使用gnome-settings-daemon。如果您决定更改它，请不要忘记安装它。

为了获得更好的工作桌面，您还需要导出：

export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:GNOME"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"

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如果你决定使用unity-settings-daemon则XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP应该是GNOME-Flashback:Unity。

在这两种情况下，您也都需要gnome-flashback。安装它并确保它也已启动。根据设置守护程序，您可能需要调整/更改GSettings。默认配置为unity-settings-daemon。

更新2：

我可能会让gnome-session开始会话：

#!/bin/sh

xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey

export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:Unity"
export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"

gnome-session --session=gnome-flashback-metacity --disable-acceleration-check &

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并安装所需的软件包 sudo apt-get install gnome-session-flashback

更新3：

看起来鹦鹉螺不会显示桌面图标和背景，因为已禁用桌面图标。

您可以使用gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons true或通过安装启用它ubuntu-settings。

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