如何使用Let's Encrypt和Nginx在SSL实验室测试的所有类别中获得A + 100分？

Question

在www.ssllabs.com上测试我的SSL证书时,我试图在所有类别上获得100分

但是,我很难在所有分数上获得A +和100分.

关于我应该使用什么NGINX配置的任何提示？或者我应该如何生成Let的加密证书？谢谢

Answer 1

这些说明适用于所有证书(包括Let的加密证书).但是,给出了一个或两个Let的加密特定提示.

下面给出的NGINX SSL配置将为您提供以下SSL实验室分数.你选:

推荐的

• A +
• 证书100/100
• 协议支持95/100
• 密钥交换90/100
• 密码强度90/100

完美但限制性

• A +
• 证书100/100
• 协议支持100/100
• 密钥交换100/100
• 密码强度100/100

NGINX SSL配置 - 提取您想要的位.这些说明阐明了给定的NGINX指令将如何影响您的SSL Labs分数:

# Your listen directive should be .. listen 443 ssl http2;
# gzip off; # gzip over ssl? really?

ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/privkey.pem;

#################### ssllabs.com Protocol Support

ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1; # Score=95 (recommended)
# ssl_protocols TLSv1.2; # Score=100

#################### ssllabs.com Key Exchange

# Score=90 (recommended)
ssl_dhparam          /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/dhparam2048.pem; # openssl dhparam -out dhparam2048.pem 2048
ssl_ecdh_curve       secp384r1; # optional

# Score=100 (must generate letsencrypt certs with flag --rsa-key-size 4096)
# ssl_dhparam        /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/dhparam4096.pem; # openssl dhparam -out dhparam4096.pem 4096
# ssl_ecdh_curve     secp384r1; # required

#################### ssllabs.com Cipher Strength - see https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Recommended_configurations
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:EC
DHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES25
6-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS; # Score=90 (recommended)
# ssl_ciphers AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH:!aNULL; # Score=100

#################### ssllabs.com A+ - Enable HSTS on all subdomains

add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=0; includeSubDomains"; # Delete browser cached HSTS policy (i.e. turn HSTS off)

# THE PRELOAD DIRECTIVE WILL HAVE SEMI-PERMANENT CONSEQUENCE AND IS IRREVERSIBLE - DO NOT USE UNTIL FULLY TESTED AND YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE DOING!
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;

#################### Other typical SSL settings that DO NOT effect the ssllabs.com score

ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 10s;

add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

请注意,如果您符合以下条件,则只能在密钥交换中获得100

• 证书RSA密钥大小为4096(对于Let的加密,在生成证书时使用--rsa-key-size 4096,否则当您的CA为您生成证书时使用的RSA密钥大小)
• dhparam是4096(openssl dhparam -out dhparam4096.pem 4096) - 这需要大约1个小时才能生成,对于自动化解决方案来说无用

编辑

• 2048年对于未来40年来说足够安全.没有人破解1024,更不用说2048了!

• openssl dhparam -dsaparam -out dhparam4096.pem 4096 ...比一小时要快得多(参见-dsaparam标志)但是我不知道你是否应该使用它...没有在SSL Labs测试中测试过我要去2048年