conda环境是否可以访问"root"环境？(==系统包)？

Question

康达的"根"环境是什么？它只是一个使用(仅)系统包的环境吗？

其他环境是否也使用系统包(我会假设优先考虑他们的重复版本)？

或者我是否需要在我想要使用它们的环境中安装我的所有软件包？

有没有办法将其配置为选项？

我安装了一个系统软件包,但是当我在conda环境中时无法导入它.

Answer 1

根环境只是您开始所处的环境。您只能访问已明确安装在当前 conda 环境中的 python 包。这是我的系统的样子。请注意，python 模块搜索列表（sys.path）中的所有路径都在根 conda 文件夹中：

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
anvio                    /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio
anvio2                   /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/anvio2
jupyter                  /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/jupyter
snake                    /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake
root                  *  /Users/jmeppley/anaconda3

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))"

/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python35.zip
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/aeosa
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/galaxy_lib-17.5.9-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg

当您切换 conda 环境时，python 现在将从特定于该环境的文件夹中提取 python 模块：

jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ source activate snake
(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ python -c "import sys; print(\"\\n\".join(sys.path))"

/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python35.zip
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/plat-darwin
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/mmtf_python-1.0.5-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pysftp-0.2.8-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.3-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/lib/python3.5/site-packages/urllib3-1.12-py3.5.egg

如果要访问 python 模块，则必须使用conda install XXX（推荐）或pip install XXX.

据我所知，没有简单的方法可以覆盖这种行为。

注意：这不适用于非 Python 程序。执行路径中的任何程序将始终可用，优先考虑通过 conda 安装的程序。这是因为 conda 安装位置位于 PATH 的开头。例如：

(snake) jmepple-lm:~ jmeppley$ echo $PATH
/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/envs/snake/bin:/Users/jmeppley/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin