Pyqt5 qthread +信号无效+ gui冻结

Question

我正在尝试用imaplib 创建一个邮箱检查器,它与python,队列和多线程没有gui工作得很好.

但是当我试图把一个gui,我所做的每一个功能,让gui冻结直到完成.

我从各种d​​oc(添加qthread,signal,cursorr etcc)尝试了很多东西,而且没有一个教程对我有用.

有人可以帮助我理解如何在运行函数时设置或附加文本到QtextEdit,因为它只在完成后工作.

这是我的代码:

class Checker(QtCore.QThread):
    signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(object)

    def __init__(self, lignesmailtocheck):
        QtCore.QThread.__init__(self)
        self.lignesmailtocheck = lignesmailtocheck

    def run(self):
            lignemailtocheck = self.lignesmailtocheck.strip()                        
            maillo, passo = lignemailtocheck.split(":",1)
            debmail, finmail = maillo.split("@",1)
            setimap =["oultook.com:imap-mail.outlook.com", "gmail.com:imap.gmail.com"]
            for lignesimaptocheck in sorted(setimap):
                    ligneimaptocheck = lignesimaptocheck.strip()
                    fai, imap = ligneimaptocheck.split(":",1)                                
                    if finmail == fai:
                            passo0 = passo.rstrip()
                            try :
                                    mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(imap)
                                    mail.login(maillo, passo)
                                    mailboxok = open("MailBoxOk.txt", "a+", encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore')
                                    mailboxok.write(maillo+":"+passo+"\n")
                                    mailboxok.close()
                                    totaly = maillo+":"+passo0+":"+imap                                
                                    print(maillo+":"+passo+"\n")

                                    self.send_text.emit(totaly)
                                    time.sleep(1)
                            except imaplib.IMAP4.error:                          
                                           print ("LOGIN FAILED!!! ")
class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(400, 300)

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(150, 210, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.gogogo)

        self.openliste = QtWidgets.QToolButton(Form)
        self.openliste.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 110, 71, 21))
        self.openliste.setObjectName("openliste")

        self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(Form)
        self.textEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 50, 201, 121))
        self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")

        self.progressBar = QtWidgets.QProgressBar(Form)
        self.progressBar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 260, 381, 23))
        self.progressBar.setValue(0)
        self.progressBar.setObjectName("progressBar")

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Form", "PushButton"))
        self.openliste.setText(_translate("Form", "..."))

    def gogogo(self):

        mailtocheck = open('File/toCheck.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore').readlines()        
        setmailtocheck = set(mailtocheck)
        for lignesmailtocheck in sorted(setmailtocheck):
            checker = Checker(lignesmailtocheck)

            thread = QThread()
            checker.moveToThread(thread)
            # connections after move so cross-thread:
            thread.started.connect(checker.run)
            checker.signal.connect(self.checkedok)
            thread.start()

    def checkedok(self, data):
        print(data)
        self.textEdit.append(data)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()
    ui = Ui_Form()
    ui.setupUi(Form)
    Form.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Answer 1

由于QThread在PyQt 中经常存在使用问题,与您的类似,这里有一个示例,说明如何在PyQt中正确使用线程.我希望它可以作为类似问题的回答,所以我花了比平常更多的时间准备这个.

该示例创建了许多在非主线程中执行的工作对象,并通过Qt的异步信号与主(即GUI)线程进行通信.

import time
import sys

from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, QThread, pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton, QTextEdit, QVBoxLayout, QWidget


def trap_exc_during_debug(*args):
    # when app raises uncaught exception, print info
    print(args)


# install exception hook: without this, uncaught exception would cause application to exit
sys.excepthook = trap_exc_during_debug


class Worker(QObject):
    """
    Must derive from QObject in order to emit signals, connect slots to other signals, and operate in a QThread.
    """

    sig_step = pyqtSignal(int, str)  # worker id, step description: emitted every step through work() loop
    sig_done = pyqtSignal(int)  # worker id: emitted at end of work()
    sig_msg = pyqtSignal(str)  # message to be shown to user

    def __init__(self, id: int):
        super().__init__()
        self.__id = id
        self.__abort = False

    @pyqtSlot()
    def work(self):
        """
        Pretend this worker method does work that takes a long time. During this time, the thread's
        event loop is blocked, except if the application's processEvents() is called: this gives every
        thread (incl. main) a chance to process events, which in this sample means processing signals
        received from GUI (such as abort).
        """
        thread_name = QThread.currentThread().objectName()
        thread_id = int(QThread.currentThreadId())  # cast to int() is necessary
        self.sig_msg.emit('Running worker #{} from thread "{}" (#{})'.format(self.__id, thread_name, thread_id))

        for step in range(100):
            time.sleep(0.1)
            self.sig_step.emit(self.__id, 'step ' + str(step))

            # check if we need to abort the loop; need to process events to receive signals;
            app.processEvents()  # this could cause change to self.__abort
            if self.__abort:
                # note that "step" value will not necessarily be same for every thread
                self.sig_msg.emit('Worker #{} aborting work at step {}'.format(self.__id, step))
                break

        self.sig_done.emit(self.__id)

    def abort(self):
        self.sig_msg.emit('Worker #{} notified to abort'.format(self.__id))
        self.__abort = True


class MyWidget(QWidget):
    NUM_THREADS = 5

    # sig_start = pyqtSignal()  # needed only due to PyCharm debugger bug (!)
    sig_abort_workers = pyqtSignal()

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("Thread Example")
        form_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(form_layout)
        self.resize(400, 800)

        self.button_start_threads = QPushButton()
        self.button_start_threads.clicked.connect(self.start_threads)
        self.button_start_threads.setText("Start {} threads".format(self.NUM_THREADS))
        form_layout.addWidget(self.button_start_threads)

        self.button_stop_threads = QPushButton()
        self.button_stop_threads.clicked.connect(self.abort_workers)
        self.button_stop_threads.setText("Stop threads")
        self.button_stop_threads.setDisabled(True)
        form_layout.addWidget(self.button_stop_threads)

        self.log = QTextEdit()
        form_layout.addWidget(self.log)

        self.progress = QTextEdit()
        form_layout.addWidget(self.progress)

        QThread.currentThread().setObjectName('main')  # threads can be named, useful for log output
        self.__workers_done = None
        self.__threads = None

    def start_threads(self):
        self.log.append('starting {} threads'.format(self.NUM_THREADS))
        self.button_start_threads.setDisabled(True)
        self.button_stop_threads.setEnabled(True)

        self.__workers_done = 0
        self.__threads = []
        for idx in range(self.NUM_THREADS):
            worker = Worker(idx)
            thread = QThread()
            thread.setObjectName('thread_' + str(idx))
            self.__threads.append((thread, worker))  # need to store worker too otherwise will be gc'd
            worker.moveToThread(thread)

            # get progress messages from worker:
            worker.sig_step.connect(self.on_worker_step)
            worker.sig_done.connect(self.on_worker_done)
            worker.sig_msg.connect(self.log.append)

            # control worker:
            self.sig_abort_workers.connect(worker.abort)

            # get read to start worker:
            # self.sig_start.connect(worker.work)  # needed due to PyCharm debugger bug (!); comment out next line
            thread.started.connect(worker.work)
            thread.start()  # this will emit 'started' and start thread's event loop

        # self.sig_start.emit()  # needed due to PyCharm debugger bug (!)

    @pyqtSlot(int, str)
    def on_worker_step(self, worker_id: int, data: str):
        self.log.append('Worker #{}: {}'.format(worker_id, data))
        self.progress.append('{}: {}'.format(worker_id, data))

    @pyqtSlot(int)
    def on_worker_done(self, worker_id):
        self.log.append('worker #{} done'.format(worker_id))
        self.progress.append('-- Worker {} DONE'.format(worker_id))
        self.__workers_done += 1
        if self.__workers_done == self.NUM_THREADS:
            self.log.append('No more workers active')
            self.button_start_threads.setEnabled(True)
            self.button_stop_threads.setDisabled(True)
            # self.__threads = None

    @pyqtSlot()
    def abort_workers(self):
        self.sig_abort_workers.emit()
        self.log.append('Asking each worker to abort')
        for thread, worker in self.__threads:  # note nice unpacking by Python, avoids indexing
            thread.quit()  # this will quit **as soon as thread event loop unblocks**
            thread.wait()  # <- so you need to wait for it to *actually* quit

        # even though threads have exited, there may still be messages on the main thread's
        # queue (messages that threads emitted before the abort):
        self.log.append('All threads exited')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication([])

    form = MyWidget()
    form.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

理解PyQt中多线程编程所需的主要概念如下:

• Qt线程有自己的事件循环(特定于每个线程).主线程,也就是GUI线程,也是一个QThread,它的事件循环由该线程管理.
• 线程之间的信号通过接收线程的事件循环(异步)传输.因此,GUI或任何线程的响应能力=处理事件的能力.例如,如果线程在函数循环中忙,它不能处理事件,因此在函数返回之前它不会响应来自GUI的信号.
• 如果线程中的工作对象(方法)可能必须根据来自GUI的信号(例如,中断循环或等待)改变其操作过程,则它必须调用processEvents()该QApplication实例.这将允许QThread处理事件,从而调用插槽以响应来自GUI的异步信号.注意,QApplication.instance().processEvents()似乎调用processEvents()每个线程,如果不希望这QThread.currentThread().processEvents()是一个有效的替代方案.
• 调用QThread.quit()不会立即退出其事件循环:它必须等待当前正在执行的插槽(如果有)返回.因此,一旦线程被告知退出,您必须等待().因此,中止工作线程通常涉及发信号(通过自定义信号)来停止它正在做的事情:这需要GUI对象上的自定义信号,该信号与工作槽的连接,以及工作方法必须调用线程processEvents()到在工作时允许发出的信号到达插槽.