ide*_*n42 6 utf-8 rust unicode-escapes
在Rust中,通过这样做可以从字节中获取UTF-8:
if let Ok(s) = str::from_utf8(some_u8_slice) {
println!("example {}", s);
}
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这可能有效,也可能没有,但Python有能力处理错误,例如:
s = some_bytes.decode(encoding='utf-8', errors='surrogateescape');
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在此示例中,参数surrogateescape将无效的utf-8序列转换为转义码,因此它们不是忽略或替换无法解码的文本,而是替换为有效的字节文字表达式utf-8.请参阅:Python文档了解详细信息.
Rust是否有办法从字节中获取UTF-8字符串,从而逃避错误而不是完全失败?
是的,通过String::from_utf8_lossy:
fn main() {
let text = [104, 101, 0xFF, 108, 111];
let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&text);
println!("{}", s); // he?lo
}
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如果您需要对该过程进行更多控制,可以std::str::from_utf8按照其他答案的建议使用.但是,没有理由按照它的建议对字节进行双重验证.
一个快速被黑客攻击的例子:
use std::str;
fn example(mut bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
let mut output = String::new();
loop {
match str::from_utf8(bytes) {
Ok(s) => {
// The entire rest of the string was valid UTF-8, we are done
output.push_str(s);
return output;
}
Err(e) => {
let (good, bad) = bytes.split_at(e.valid_up_to());
if !good.is_empty() {
let s = unsafe {
// This is safe because we have already validated this
// UTF-8 data via the call to `str::from_utf8`; there's
// no need to check it a second time
str::from_utf8_unchecked(good)
};
output.push_str(s);
}
if bad.is_empty() {
// No more data left
return output;
}
// Do whatever type of recovery you need to here
output.push_str("<badbyte>");
// Skip the bad byte and try again
bytes = &bad[1..];
}
}
}
}
fn main() {
let r = example(&[104, 101, 0xFF, 108, 111]);
println!("{}", r); // he<badbyte>lo
}
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您可以扩展它以获取值来替换坏字节,使用闭包来处理坏字节等.例如:
fn example(mut bytes: &[u8], handler: impl Fn(&mut String, &[u8])) -> String {
// ...
handler(&mut output, bad);
// ...
}
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let r = example(&[104, 101, 0xFF, 108, 111], |output, bytes| {
use std::fmt::Write;
write!(output, "\\U{{{}}}", bytes[0]).unwrap()
});
println!("{}", r); // he\U{255}lo
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也可以看看: