sim*_*sjo 9 inheritance interface covariance contravariance c#-4.0
我想我会用一些例子解释我的问题..
interface IModel {}
class MyModel : IModel {}
interface IRepo<T> where T: IModel {
}
class Repo : IRepo<MyModel> {
}
// Cannot implicitly convert.. An explicit convertion exists. Missing cast?
IRepo<IModel> repo = new Repo();
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
所以我需要协方差..
interface IRepo<out T> where T: IModel {
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
很好,它的工作原理.然后我想用它:
interface IRepo<out T> where T: IModel {
T ReturnSomething();
}
class Repo : IRepo<MyModel> {
public MyModel ReturnSomething() { return default(MyModel); }
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
一切都很好,但回购也需要插入对象.使用out参数,我们不能这样做:
// Invalid variance: The type parameter 'T' must be contravariantly valid on 'IRepo<T>.InsertSomething(T)'. 'T' is covariant.
interface IRepo<out T> where T: IModel {
T ReturnSomething();
void InsertSomething(T thing);
}
class Repo : IRepo<MyModel> {
public MyModel ReturnSomething() { return default(MyModel); }
public void InsertSomething(MyModel thing) { }
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
所以我尝试添加两个参数:
interface IRepo<out TReturn, TInsert>
where TReturn : IModel
where TInsert : IModel
{
TReturn ReturnSomething();
void InsertSomething(TInsert thing);
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我得到了与第一个例子中相同的错误.我在使用时遇到同样的错误in TInsert
那么我怎么能支持插入和取出?
编辑:所以我找到了一个可能的解决方案,但它远非最佳
interface IRepo<out TResult> where TResult : IModel {
TResult ReturnSomething();
// I need to duplicate my constraint here..
void InsertSomething<TInsert>(TInsert thing) where TInsert : IModel;
}
class Repo : IRepo<MyModel> {
public MyModel ReturnSomething() { return default(MyModel); }
// ... And here
public void InsertSomething<T>(T thing) where T: IModel { }
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
EDIT2:回应Eric:这是我想要实现的更完整的例子.我真的想要协方差,所以我可以对IRepo实例进行分组,我仍然希望它们使用模型作为实例添加/更新方法.我知道我无法获得编译时类型安全性来添加项目,但对于这个用例,我只需要阅读元素.
interface IModel { }
class SomeModel : IModel { }
class OtherModel : IModel { }
interface IRepo<T>
{
T ReturnSomething();
void AddSomething(T thing);
}
interface ISubRepo<T> : IRepo<T> where T : IModel { }
class SomeSubRepo : ISubRepo<SomeModel> {
public SomeModel ReturnSomething() { return default(SomeModel); }
public void AddSomething(SomeModel thing) { }
}
class OtherSubRepo : ISubRepo<OtherModel> {
public OtherModel ReturnSomething() { return default(OtherModel); }
public void AddSomething(OtherModel thing) { }
}
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ISubRepo<IModel>[] everyone = new ISubRepo<IModel>[] {
new SomeSubRepo(),
new OtherSubRepo()
};
WorkOnAll(everyone);
}
static void WorkOnAll(IEnumerable<ISubRepo<IModel>> everyone)
{
foreach(ISubRepo<IModel> repo in everyone) {
IModel model = repo.ReturnSomething();
// Etc.
}
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我认为最好的选择是将界面一分为二:
interface IReadableRepo<out T> where T : IModel
{
T ReturnSomething();
}
interface IWritableRepo<in T> where T : IModel
{
void InsertSomething(T thing);
}
class Repo : IReadableRepo<MyModel>, IWritableRepo<MyModel>
{
...
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
现在您可以创建一个List<IReadableRepo<IModel>>
包含Repo
实例的对象。