如何将 python gcc 绑定更改为 gcc 4.8 版本？

Question

我想安装一个 auto-sklearn 包，它依赖于pyrfr.

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安装命令是curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/automl/auto-sklearn/master/requirements.txt | xargs -n 1 -L 1 pip install.

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我的环境：ubuntu 12.04，python3.5-dev（在 virtualenv 中），安装了 gcc 4.8 和 g++ 4.8。

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我通过以下方式安装 gcc 和 g++：

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sudo apt-get install python-software-properties\nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test\nsudo apt-get update\n\nsudo apt-get install gcc-4.8\nsudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50\n

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默认 gcc 设置正确：

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\xe2\x9e\x9c  ~ gcc -v\nUsing built-in specs.\nCOLLECT_GCC=gcc\nCOLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper\nTarget: x86_64-linux-gnu\nConfigured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion=\'Ubuntu 4.8.1-2ubuntu1~12.04\' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu\nThread model: posix\ngcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu 4.8.1-2ubuntu1~12.04)\n

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但我发现 python shell 仍然显示[GCC 4.6.3]：

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\xe2\x9e\x9c  ~ python\nPython 3.5.2 (default, Jul 17 2016, 17:38:18)\n[GCC 4.6.3] on linux\nType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.\n>>>\n

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并安装pyrfr仍然说（因为需要 gcc 4.7 或更高版本）：

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cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option \xe2\x80\x98-std=c++11\xe2\x80\x99\nerror: command \'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc\' failed with exit status 1\n

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更详细的错误日志：

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Collecting pyrfr\n  Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/95/90/95f77f76c2e3d44577ff2b96b0d365429797d9f83632b84d2c91d2b7a73a/pyrfr-0.2.0.tar.gz (340kB)\n    100% |\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88| 348kB 4.9MB/s\nBuilding wheels for collected packages: pyrfr\n  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for pyrfr ... error\n  Complete output from command /root/.virtualenvs/py35/bin/python3.5 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=\'/tmp/pip-build-wt1wfz_q/pyrfr/setup.py\';f=getattr(tokenize, \'open\', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(\'\\r\\n\', \'\\n\');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, \'exec\'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpcdvohh34pip-wheel- --python-tag cp35:\n  running bdist_wheel\n  running build\n  running build_py\n  creating build\n  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5\n  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr\n  copying pyrfr/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr\n  running build_ext\n  building \'pyrfr.regression\' extension\n  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5\n  creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr\n  x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I./include -I/root/.virtualenvs/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -I/root/.virtualenvs/py35/include/python3.5m -c pyrfr/regression.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr/regression.o -O2 -std=c++11\n  cc1plus: warning: command line option \xe2\x80\x98-Wstrict-prototypes\xe2\x80\x99 is valid for Ada/C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]\n  cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option \xe2\x80\x98-std=c++11\xe2\x80\x99\n  error: command \'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc\' failed with exit status 1\n\n  ----------------------------------------\n  Failed building wheel for pyrfr\n  Running setup.py clean for pyrfr\nFailed to build pyrfr\nInstalling collected packages: pyrfr\n  Running setup.py install for pyrfr ... error\n    Complete output from command /root/.virtualenvs/py35/bin/python3.5 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=\'/tmp/pip-build-wt1wfz_q/pyrfr/setup.py\';f=getattr(tokenize, \'open\', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(\'\\r\\n\', \'\\n\');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, \'exec\'))" install --record /tmp/pip-qrvy2ohy-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /root/.virtualenvs/py35/include/site/python3.5/pyrfr:\n    running install\n    running build\n    running build_py\n    creating build\n    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5\n    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr\n    copying pyrfr/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr\n    running build_ext\n    building \'pyrfr.regression\' extension\n    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5\n    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr\n    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Wformat-security -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I./include -I/root/.virtualenvs/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.5m -I/root/.virtualenvs/py35/include/python3.5m -c pyrfr/regression.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/pyrfr/regression.o -O2 -std=c++11\n    cc1plus: warning: command line option \xe2\x80\x98-Wstrict-prototypes\xe2\x80\x99 is valid for Ada/C/ObjC but not for C++ [enabled by default]\n    cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option \xe2\x80\x98-std=c++11\xe2\x80\x99\n    error: command \'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc\' failed with exit status 1\n\n    ----------------------------------------\nCommand "/root/.virtualenvs/py35/bin/python3.5 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=\'/tmp/pip-build-wt1wfz_q/pyrfr/setup.py\';f=getattr(tokenize, \'open\', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(\'\\r\\n\', \'\\n\');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, \'exec\'))" install --record /tmp/pip-qrvy2ohy-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /root/.virtualenvs/py35/include/site/python3.5/pyrfr" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-wt1wfz_q/pyrfr/\n

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我认为关键问题是python3.5没有链接到gcc-4.8（甚至系统默认的python2.7也没有链接），但是google没有太大帮助。

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Answer 1

最后我找到了解决方案..发现这x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc是一个命令，尽管它看起来不像一个命令...

ubuntu 12 上的 python 似乎不会使用 /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc(link to /usr/bin/gcc-4.6) 而不是/usr/bin/gcc，我完全不明白他们为什么这样做......

解决办法很简单，只需

cd /usr/bin
rm x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
ln -sf gcc-4.8 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc

如果你想改变 g++ 和 cpp，也可以这样做

rm x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp
ln -sf cpp-4.8 x86_64-linux-gnu-cpp
rm x86_64-linux-gnu-g++
ln -sf g++-4.8 x86_64-linux-gnu-g++