Gáb*_*ncz 18 c++ most-vexing-parse
今天在工作中我遇到了一个我不懂的C++行为.我已经生成了以下示例代码来说明我的问题:
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class MyException
{
public:
MyException(std::string s1) {std::cout << "MyException constructor, s1: " << s1 << std::endl;}
};
int main(){
const char * text = "exception text";
std::cout << "Creating MyException object using std::string(const char *)." << std::endl;
MyException my_ex(std::string(text));
std::cout << "MyException object created." << std::endl;
//throw my_ex;
std::string string_text("exception text");
std::cout << "Creating MyException object using std::string." << std::endl;
MyException my_ex2(string_text);
std::cout << "MyException object created." << std::endl;
// throw my_ex2;
return 0;
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
此代码段编译时没有任何错误,并产生以下输出:
$ g++ main.cpp
$ ./a.out
Creating MyException object using std::string(const char *).
MyException object created.
Creating MyException object using std::string.
MyException constructor, s1: exception text
MyException object created.
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
请注意,对于my_ex我定义的构造函数未调用.接下来,如果我想实际抛出这个变量:
throw my_ex;
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我收到编译错误:
$ g++ main.cpp
/tmp/ccpWitl8.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `my_ex(std::string)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
如果我在转换周围添加大括号,就像这样:
const char * text = "exception text";
std::cout << "Creating MyException object using std::string(const char *)." << std::endl;
MyException my_ex((std::string(text)));
std::cout << "MyException object created." << std::endl;
throw my_ex;
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
然后它按照我的预期工作:
$ g++ main.cpp
$ ./a.out
Creating MyException object using std::string(const char *).
MyException constructor, s1: exception text
MyException object created.
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'MyException'
Aborted (core dumped)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我有以下问题:
throw my_ex;?son*_*yao 34
根据最烦恼的解析,MyException my_ex(std::string(text));是一个功能声明; 该函数被命名my_ex,以一个以texttype 命名的参数std::string返回MyException.它根本不是对象定义,因此不会调用构造函数.
注意错误消息undefined reference to 'my_ex(std::string)'的throw my_ex;(你想扔实际上是一个函数指针),这意味着无法找到函数的定义my_ex.
要修复它,您可以添加其他括号(如您所示)或使用C++ 11支持的大括号:
MyException my_ex1((std::string(text)));
MyException my_ex2{std::string(text)};
MyException my_ex3{std::string{text}};
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)