如何格式化rmarkdown PDF输出的复杂表格

Question

我有一张表,我想从rmarkdown文档中以PDF格式输出.但是,由于我有限的乳胶技能,我无法弄清楚如何获得跨越列,单元格边框和字体面,就像我希望它们使用xtable各种Latex添加方式一样.

我能够使用包中的FlexTable函数获得我想要的东西ReporteRs,但它看起来FlexTable只能用于rmarkdown生成html输出,但不能用于PDF输出.

所以,我正在寻找帮助格式化我的表使用xtable,或任何其他R包或(可能是自定义)R函数,可用于以编程方式为PDF输出创建合理复杂的表.此外,如果有一些方法可以FlexTable同时使用PDF输出,那也会很棒.

下面我创建一个表使用,FlexTable这样你就可以看到我的目标.接下来,我提供了一个示例rmarkdown文档,显示了我在使用时创建类似表的(有点蹩脚)努力中所处的位置xtable.

ReporteRs::FlexTable 版

首先,让我们创建将进入表格的数据:

library(ReporteRs)

x = structure(c(34L, 6L, 9L, 35L), .Dim = c(2L, 2L), .Dimnames = structure(list(
    Actual = c("Fail", "Pass"), Predicted = c("Fail", "Pass")), .Names = c("Actual", 
"Predicted")), class = "table")

x=cbind(x, prop.table(x), prop.table(x, 1), prop.table(x,2))
x[, -c(1,2)] = sapply(x[,-c(1,2)], function(i) paste0(sprintf("%1.1f", i*100),"%"))
x = cbind(Actual=rownames(x), x)

现在为FlexTable创建和格式化:

# Set up general table properties and formatting
cell_p = cellProperties(padding.right=3, padding.left=3)
par_p = parProperties(text.align="right")

# Create table
ft = FlexTable(x, header.columns=FALSE, body.cell.props=cell_p, body.par.props=par_p)

# Add three header rows
ft = addHeaderRow(ft, text.properties=textBold(), c("","Predicted"),
                  colspan=c(1,8), par.properties=parCenter())

ft = addHeaderRow(ft, text.properties=textBold(), 
                  value=c("", "Count", "Overall\nPercent", "Row\nPercent", "Column\nPercent"),
                  colspan=c(1,rep(2,4)), par.properties=parCenter())

ft = addHeaderRow(ft, text.properties=textItalic(), par.properties=parCenter(),
                  value=colnames(x))

# Format specific cells
ft[1:2, 1, to="header", side="left"] = borderProperties(color="white")
ft[1:2, 1, to="header", side="top"] = borderProperties(color="white")

ft[3, 1, to="header"] = textProperties(font.style="normal", font.weight="bold")
ft[ , 1] = textProperties(font.style="italic")

ft[ , 2:3] = cellProperties(padding.right=7, padding.left=7)
ft[ , 1] = cellProperties(padding.right=10, padding.left=10)

# Display ft
ft

这是最终表格的样子(这是浏览器窗口中显示的表格的PNG截图):

现在我尝试做同样的事情xtable.

xtable 版

这是rmarkdown文档和header.tex文件:

---
title: "Untitled"
author: "eipi10"
date: "11/19/2016"
output: 
  pdf_document:
    fig_caption: yes
    includes:
      in_header: header.tex 
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
library(knitr)
opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, message=FALSE)
```

```{r}
# Fake confusion matrix to work with
x = structure(c(34L, 6L, 9L, 35L), .Dim = c(2L, 2L), .Dimnames = structure(list(
    Actual = c("Fail", "Pass"), Predicted = c("Fail", "Pass")), .Names = c("Actual", 
"Predicted")), class = "table")

x=cbind(x, prop.table(x), prop.table(x, 1), prop.table(x,2))
x[, -c(1,2)] = sapply(x[,-c(1,2)], function(i) paste0(sprintf("%1.1f", i*100),"%"))
x = cbind(Actual=rownames(x), x)
```  

```{r use_xtable, results="asis"}
# Output the confusion matrix created above as a latex table
library(xtable)
options(xtable.comment=FALSE)

# This is a modified version of a function created in the following SO answer:
# http://stackoverflow.com/a/38978541/496488
make_addtorow <- function(row.name, terms, colSpan, width) {
  # Custom row function
  paste0(row.name, 
  paste0('& \\multicolumn{', colSpan, '}{C{', width, 'cm}}{', 
         terms, 
         '}', 
        collapse=''), 
  '\\\\')
}

addtorow <- list()
addtorow$pos <- list(-1,-1,-1,-1) 
addtorow$command <- c(
  "\\hline",
  make_addtorow("", c("Predicted"), 8, 12),
  "\\hline",
  make_addtorow("", c("Count", "Percent", "Row Percent", "Column Percent"), 2, 3)
  )

xtbl = xtable(x, caption="Created with xtable")

align(xtbl) <- c("|L{0cm}|", "L{1.2cm}|", rep("R{1cm}|",8))

print(xtbl, 
      include.rownames=FALSE, 
      tabular.environment="tabularx", 
      width="0.92\\textwidth",
      add.to.row = addtorow)
```

文件header.tex,其用于针织上述rmarkdown文件:

% xtable manual: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xtable/vignettes/xtableGallery.pdf
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tabularx}  
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\
\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\
\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\raggedleft\let\newline\\
\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\tabularxbackslash}p{#1}}

% Caption on top
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/14862/4762
\usepackage{floatrow}
\floatsetup[figure]{capposition=top}

这是PDF输出中的表格:

Answer 1

引用此评论:

我正在寻找一种方法来从rmarkdown文档中以编程方式执行此操作,而无需对格式进行硬编码,因此它具有可重现性和灵活性.

以下解决方案使用硬编码的"模板",但模板可以填充任何数据(前提是它具有相同的2x8结构).

生成的表如下所示:

完整代码如下.

基本上,最终表由9列组成,因此基本的LaTeX结构是

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
% rest of table
\end{tabular}

但是,固定细胞的宽度很方便.这可以使用自定义列类型C(从TEX.SE这里获取),它允许具有固定宽度的居中内容.这与重复列类型的更紧凑语法一起提供:

\begin{tabular}{|c *{8}{|C{1cm}}|}
% rest of table
\end{tabular}

(第一列以柔性宽度为中心,然后是8个中心列,每个1cm宽).

可以使用跨越多列的单元格\multicolumn.这些单元格也应具有固定的宽度,以便将单元格标题分成两行.请注意,假设跨越两个1cm列的单元格应该具有2cm的宽度是错误的,因为两个跨越的单元格之间具有额外的填充.一些测量显示,大约2.436cm可以提供良好的结果.

备注第一列:尽管初\multicolumn{1}{...}{...}看起来看起来毫无用处,但它对于更改单个单元格的列类型(包括左/右)边框非常有用.我用它来删除前两行中最左边的垂直线.

\cline{x-y}提供了仅跨越列水平线x到y.

把这些碎片放在一起给出:

\begin{tabular}{|c *{8}{|C{1cm}}|} \cline{2-9}
    \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{8}{c|}{\textbf{Predicted}} \\ \cline{2-9}
    \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{Count}} & \multicolumn{2}{C{2.436cm}|}{\textbf{Overall Percent}} & \multicolumn{2}{C{2.436cm}|}{\textbf{Row \newline Percent}} & \multicolumn{2}{C{2.436cm}|}{\textbf{Column Percent}} \\ \hline
% rest of table
\end{tabular}

关于数据,我删除了生成的代码的最后一行,以获取:

> x <- structure(c(34L, 6L, 9L, 35L), .Dim = c(2L, 2L), .Dimnames = structure(list(Actual = c("Fail", "Pass"), Predicted = c("Fail", "Pass")), .Names = c("Actual", "Predicted")), class = "table")
> x <- cbind(x, prop.table(x), prop.table(x, 1), prop.table(x,2))
> x[, -c(1,2)] <- sapply(x[,-c(1,2)], function(i) paste0(sprintf("%1.1f", i*100),"%"))
> x
     Fail Pass Fail    Pass    Fail    Pass    Fail    Pass   
Fail "34" "9"  "40.5%" "10.7%" "79.1%" "20.9%" "85.0%" "20.5%"
Pass "6"  "35" "7.1%"  "41.7%" "14.6%" "85.4%" "15.0%" "79.5%"

要以斜体设置列名和行名,请应用

colnames(x) <- sprintf("\\emph{%s}", colnames(x)) # highlight colnames
rownames(x) <- sprintf("\\emph{%s}", rownames(x)) # highlight rownames

然后,xtable可以使用以下代码:

print(xtable(x),
      only.contents = TRUE, 
      comment = FALSE,
      sanitize.colnames.function = identity, 
      sanitize.rownames.function = identity, 
      hline.after = 0:2)

这个论点only.contents抑制了封闭的tabular环境.将身份功能分配给sanitize.colnames.function并且sanitize.rownames.function意味着"不要消毒".我们需要这个,因为列名和行名包含不应转义的特殊LaTeX字符(\emph).

输出应该%rest of table从上面替换占位符.

从概念上讲,代码xtable仅用于生成表体而不是标题,因为手动编写标题要容易得多.

尽管整个表头是"硬编码的",但可以根据需要更改数据.

别忘\了一秒钟逃脱一切\!此外,必须在header(header.tex)中添加以下内容:

\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}} % https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12712/37118

我将上面概述的所有元素包装在一个函数中PrintConfusionMatrix,该函数可以与提供数据和列/行名称的任何2x8数据帧一起使用.

完整代码:

---
output:
  pdf_document: 
    keep_tex: yes
    includes:
      in_header: header.tex
---


```{r, echo = FALSE}
library(xtable)

# Sample data from question
x <- structure(c(34L, 6L, 9L, 35L), .Dim = c(2L, 2L), .Dimnames = structure(list(Actual = c("Fail", "Pass"), Predicted = c("Fail", "Pass")), .Names = c("Actual", "Predicted")), class = "table")
x <- cbind(x, prop.table(x), prop.table(x, 1), prop.table(x,2))
x[, -c(1,2)] <- sapply(x[,-c(1,2)], function(i) paste0(sprintf("%1.1f", i*100),"%"))
#x <- cbind(Actual=rownames(x), x) # dropped; better not to add row names to data

PrintConfusionMatrix <- function(data, ...) {

  stopifnot(all(dim(x) == c(2, 8)))

  colnames(x) <- sprintf("\\emph{%s}", colnames(x)) # highlight colnames
  rownames(x) <- sprintf("\\emph{%s}", rownames(x)) # highlight rownames

  cat('\\begin{tabular}{|c *{8}{|C{1cm}}|} \\cline{2-9}
    \\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{8}{c|}{\\textbf{Predicted}} \\\\ \\cline{2-9}
    \\multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\\textbf{Count}} & \\multicolumn{2}{C{2.436cm}|}{\\textbf{Overall Percent}} & \\multicolumn{2}{C{2.436cm}|}{\\textbf{Row \\newline Percent}} & \\multicolumn{2}{C{2.436cm}|}{\\textbf{Column Percent}} \\\\ \\hline
    \\textbf{Actual} ')

  print(xtable(x),
        only.contents = TRUE, 
        comment = FALSE,
        sanitize.colnames.function = identity, 
        sanitize.rownames.function = identity, 
        hline.after = 0:2,
        ...)
  cat("\\end{tabular}")
}
```

```{r, results='asis'}
PrintConfusionMatrix(x)
```

Answer 2

add_header_above使用KableExtra 包中的命令可以非常简单地完成此操作。您可以根据需要添加任意数量的列分组。这是我要做的：

d <- mtcars[1:5,1:5]
kable(d,longtable = T, booktabs = T) %>%
   add_header_above(c(" ", "Group 1" = 2, "Group 2" = 3)) %>%
   add_header_above(c("","Groups" = 5))