下载管理器Android权限错误:写入外部存储

Question

我编写了一个Android应用程序,使用DownloadManager将示例PDF文件下载到下载目录.这是代码:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_vertretungsplan);
    Button dlbutton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttondownload);
    final Context c = this;
    dlbutton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(myurl));
            request.setTitle("Vertretungsplan");
            request.setDescription("wird heruntergeladen");
            request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
            request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
            String filename = URLUtil.guessFileName(myurl, null, MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(myurl));
            request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, filename);
            DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) c.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
            manager.enqueue(request);
        }
    });
}

现在,我尝试在我的Xperia Z3 Android 6.0上从Android Studio调试运行它.当我点击下载按钮时,会发生以下错误:

E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
              Process: com.example.markwitt.schul_app, PID: 29297
              java.lang.SecurityException: No permission to write to /storage/emulated/0/Download/hrpsampletable.pdf: Neither user 10047 nor current process has android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE.
                  at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1627)
                  at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:183)
                  at android.database.DatabaseUtils.readExceptionFromParcel(DatabaseUtils.java:135)
                  at android.content.ContentProviderProxy.insert(ContentProviderNative.java:476)
                  at android.content.ContentResolver.insert(ContentResolver.java:1240)
                  at android.app.DownloadManager.enqueue(DownloadManager.java:946)
                  at com.example.markwitt.schul_app.Vertretungsplan$1.onClick(Vertretungsplan.java:59)
                  at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5280)
                  at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:21239)
                  at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
                  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
                  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:224)
                  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5526)
                  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:726)
                  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)

断开与目标VM的连接,地址:'localhost:8600',transport:'socket'

(在第三行)它显示它没有外部存储的写权限.

但我的AndroidManifest设置正确:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.markwitt.schul_app">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
    android:launchMode="singleTop"
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

    <activity android:name=".Stundenplan">


        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>
    <activity android:name=".Vertretungsplan"></activity>
</application>

我需要做什么？

Answer 1

您收到此错误的原因是您的应用在Android 6.0(API级别23)中运行.从API级别> = 23,您需要在运行时检查权限.您的代码适用于23级以下.因此,请先检查您的用户是否已授予使用存储空间的权限:

if (checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    Log.e("Permission error","You have permission");
    return true;
}

如果没有,则提示请求:

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, REQUEST_CODE);

总的来看如下:

public  boolean haveStoragePermission() {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
        if (checkSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.e("Permission error","You have permission");
            return true;
        } else {

            Log.e("Permission error","You have asked for permission");
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
            return false;
        }
    }
    else { //you dont need to worry about these stuff below api level 23
        Log.e("Permission error","You already have the permission");
        return true;
    }
}

最后一件事:)通过回调接收结果:

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if(grantResults[0]== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            //you have the permission now.
            DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(myurl));
            request.setTitle("Vertretungsplan");
            request.setDescription("wird heruntergeladen");
            request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
            request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
            String filename = URLUtil.guessFileName(myurl, null, MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(myurl));
            request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, filename);
            DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) c.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
            manager.enqueue(request);
        }
    }

或者,您可以使用我的自定义类PermissionCheck来轻松处理所有这些实现.这是班级:

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;

/**
 * Created by Tushar on 6/30/2017.
 */

public class PermissionCheck{
    public static boolean readAndWriteExternalStorage(Context context){
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
            return false;
        }else{
            return true;
        }

    }

    public static boolean audioRecord(Context context){
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO}, 2);
            return false;
        }else{
            return true;
        }

    }

    public static boolean readAndWriteContacts(Context context){
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS}, 3);
            return false;
        }else{
            return true;
        }

    }

    public static boolean vibrate(Context context){
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.VIBRATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.VIBRATE}, 4);
            return false;
        }else{
            return true;
        }

    }

    public static boolean sendSms(Context context){
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) context, new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}, 5);
            return false;
        }else{
            return true;
        }

    }

    //Just like this you can implement rest of the permissions. 
}

用法:

if(PermissionCheck.readAndWriteExternalStorage(context)){
    //Your read write code.
}

if(PermissionCheck.sendSms(context)){
    //Your sms sending code.
}

**请注意,这些方法调用将自动请求权限,并且您onRequestPermissionsResult将被解雇.:)

Answer 2

不需要做所有这一切。只需将以下代码粘贴到onCreate()函数上：

private static int REQUEST_CODE=1;  

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{
    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
}, REQUEST_CODE);