ValueError:提供'c'kwarg或'color'kwarg但不是两者兼而有之; 它们不同但功能重叠

Question

我试图在Python Data Science Essential一书中运行一个例子.但是,当我运行它时,它出现了错误.实际上,我刚开始学习python.所以,我觉得很难解决这些错误.请帮我.这是代码:

In:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
In: colors = list()
In: palette = {0: "red", 1: "green", 2: "blue"}
In:
for c in np.nditer(iris.target): colors.append(palette[int(c)])
    # using the palette dictionary, we convert
    # each numeric class into a color string
In: dataframe = pd.DataFrame(iris.data,
columns=iris.feature_names)
In: scatterplot = pd.scatter_matrix(dataframe, alpha=0.3,
figsize=(10, 10), diagonal='hist', color=colors, marker='o',
grid=True)

这是错误:

()中的ValueError Traceback(最近一次调用最后)1 scatterplot = pd.scatter_matrix(dataframe,alpha = 0.3,----> 2 figsize =(10,10),diagonal ='hist',color = colors,marker = 'O',网格= TRUE)

scatter_matrix中的/Users/leeivan/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pandas/tools/plotting.py(frame,alpha,figsize,ax,grid,diagonal,marker,density_kwds,hist_kwds,range_padding,**kwds )378 379 ax.scatter(df [b] [common],df [a] [common], - > 380 marker = marker,alpha = alpha,**kwds)381 382 ax.set_xlim(boundaries_list [j])

/Users/leeivan/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/ 初始化 pyc文件在内(AX,*指定参数时,**kwargs)1817
warnings.warn(MSG%(label_namer,闪光功能名),1818
RuntimeWarning,stacklevel = 2) - > 1819 return func(ax,*args,**kwargs)1820 pre_doc = inner.doc 1821如果pre_doc为None:

散点图中的/Users/leeivan/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.pyc(self,x,y,s,c,marker,cmap,norm,vmin,vmax,alpha,linewidths ,verts,edgecolors,**kwargs)3787
facecolors = co 3788如果c不是None: - > 3789提高ValueError("提供'c'kwarg或'颜色'kwarg"3790"但不是两者;它们不同但是" 3791"他们的功能重叠.")

ValueError:提供'c'kwarg或'color'kwarg但不是两者兼而有之; 它们不同但功能重叠.

Answer 1

我在jupyter和python 3.5中测试了下面的代码,它可以工作.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
%matplotlib inline

iris = load_iris()
colors = list()
palette = {0: "red", 1: "green", 2: "blue"}

for c in np.nditer(iris.target): colors.append(palette[int(c)])
    # using the palette dictionary, we convert
    # each numeric class into a color string
dataframe = pd.DataFrame(iris.data,
columns=iris.feature_names)
scatterplot = pd.scatter_matrix(dataframe, alpha=0.3,
figsize=(10, 10), diagonal='hist', c=colors, marker='o', grid=True)

显然,该参数color正在生成错误,同时c正在工作.另一方面,它可能是matplotlib中的一个错误.

这是我发现的,看看pandas功能:

def scatter_matrix(frame, alpha=0.5, figsize=None, ax=None, grid=False,
                   diagonal='hist', marker='.', density_kwds=None,
                   hist_kwds=None, range_padding=0.05, **kwds):
    """
    Draw a matrix of scatter plots.
    Parameters
    ----------
    frame : DataFrame
    alpha : float, optional
        amount of transparency applied
    figsize : (float,float), optional
        a tuple (width, height) in inches
    ax : Matplotlib axis object, optional
    grid : bool, optional
        setting this to True will show the grid
    diagonal : {'hist', 'kde'}
        pick between 'kde' and 'hist' for
        either Kernel Density Estimation or Histogram
        plot in the diagonal
    marker : str, optional
        Matplotlib marker type, default '.'
    hist_kwds : other plotting keyword arguments
        To be passed to hist function
    density_kwds : other plotting keyword arguments
        To be passed to kernel density estimate plot
    range_padding : float, optional
        relative extension of axis range in x and y
        with respect to (x_max - x_min) or (y_max - y_min),
        default 0.05
    kwds : other plotting keyword arguments
        To be passed to scatter function

所以看来colors还是c传递给scatter函数matplotlib作为一个**kwds函数调用.

这是分散函数:

matplotlib.pyplot.scatter(x, y, s=20, c=None, marker='o', cmap=None, norm=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, alpha=None, linewidths=None, verts=None, edgecolors=None, hold=None, data=None, **kwargs)

这里的参数是c和不是color,但在其他部分color被列为c(如你所料)的替代.

我在matplotlib上发布了一个问题.我会随时通知你.

新闻自2016年12月12日起

经过一番讨论后,这个bug已被大熊猫接受,并计划在下一个主要版本中修复.在github上看到这里

基本上在c指定时,c会发送到scattermatplotlib中的函数.何时color指定,发送c和color发送,使matplotlib混淆.

根据建议,暂时使用c而不是color