如何将JSON数据转换为树形图像？

Question

我正在使用treelib生成树,现在我需要易于阅读的树版本,因此我想将它们转换为图像.例如:

以下树的示例JSON数据:

有了数据:

>>> print(tree.to_json(with_data=True))
{"Harry": {"data": null, "children": [{"Bill": {"data": null}}, {"Jane": {"data": null, "children": [{"Diane": {"data": null}}, {"Mark": {"data": null}}]}}, {"Mary": {"data": null}}]}}

没有数据:

>>> print(tree.to_json(with_data=False))
{"Harry": {"children": ["Bill", {"Jane": {"children": [{"Diane": {"children": ["Mary"]}}, "Mark"]}}]}}

无论如何使用graphviz或d3.js或其他一些python库来使用这个JSON数据生成树？

Answer 1

对于这样的树,不需要使用库:您可以直接生成Graphviz DOT语言语句.唯一棘手的部分是从JSON数据中提取树边.为此,我们首先将JSON字符串转换回Python dict,然后dict递归解析.

如果树字典中的名字没有子元素,则它是一个简单的字符串,否则,它是一个字典,我们需要扫描其"children"列表中的项目.我们找到的每个(父,子)对都会附加到全局列表中edges.

这有些神秘的线条:

name = next(iter(treedict.keys()))

从中获取一个密钥treedict.这给了我们这个人的名字,因为这是唯一的关键treedict.在Python 2中我们可以做到

name = treedict.keys()[0]

但是之前的代码适用于Python 2和Python 3.

from __future__ import print_function
import json
import sys

# Tree in JSON format
s = '{"Harry": {"children": ["Bill", {"Jane": {"children": [{"Diane": {"children": ["Mary"]}}, "Mark"]}}]}}'

# Convert JSON tree to a Python dict
data = json.loads(s)

# Convert back to JSON & print to stderr so we can verify that the tree is correct.
print(json.dumps(data, indent=4), file=sys.stderr)

# Extract tree edges from the dict
edges = []

def get_edges(treedict, parent=None):
    name = next(iter(treedict.keys()))
    if parent is not None:
        edges.append((parent, name))
    for item in treedict[name]["children"]:
        if isinstance(item, dict):
            get_edges(item, parent=name)
        else:
            edges.append((name, item))

get_edges(data)

# Dump edge list in Graphviz DOT format
print('strict digraph tree {')
for row in edges:
    print('    {0} -> {1};'.format(*row))
print('}')

stderr输出

{
    "Harry": {
        "children": [
            "Bill",
            {
                "Jane": {
                    "children": [
                        {
                            "Diane": {
                                "children": [
                                    "Mary"
                                ]
                            }
                        },
                        "Mark"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

标准输出

strict digraph tree {
    Harry -> Bill;
    Harry -> Jane;
    Jane -> Diane;
    Diane -> Mary;
    Jane -> Mark;
}

上面的代码在Python 2和Python 3上运行.它将JSON数据打印到stderr,以便我们可以验证它是否正确.然后它将Graphviz数据打印到stdout,以便我们可以将其捕获到文件或直接将其传递给Graphviz程序.例如,如果脚本名称为"tree_to_graph.py",则可以在命令行中执行此操作以将图形另存为名为"tree.png"的PNG文件:

python tree_to_graph.py | dot -Tpng -otree.png

这是PNG输出:

Answer 2

根据 PM 2Ring 的答案，我创建了一个可以通过命令行使用的脚本：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""Convert a JSON to a graph."""

from __future__ import print_function
import json
import sys


def tree2graph(data, verbose=True):
    """
    Convert a JSON to a graph.

    Run `dot -Tpng -otree.png`

    Parameters
    ----------
    json_filepath : str
        Path to a JSON file
    out_dot_path : str
        Path where the output dot file will be stored

    Examples
    --------
    >>> s = {"Harry": [ "Bill", \
                       {"Jane": [{"Diane": ["Mary", "Mark"]}]}]}
    >>> tree2graph(s)
    [('Harry', 'Bill'), ('Harry', 'Jane'), ('Jane', 'Diane'), ('Diane', 'Mary'), ('Diane', 'Mark')]
    """
    # Extract tree edges from the dict
    edges = []

    def get_edges(treedict, parent=None):
        name = next(iter(treedict.keys()))
        if parent is not None:
            edges.append((parent, name))
        for item in treedict[name]:
            if isinstance(item, dict):
                get_edges(item, parent=name)
            elif isinstance(item, list):
                for el in item:
                    if isinstance(item, dict):
                        edges.append((parent, item.keys()[0]))
                        get_edges(item[item.keys()[0]])
                    else:
                        edges.append((parent, el))
            else:
                edges.append((name, item))
    get_edges(data)
    return edges


def main(json_filepath, out_dot_path, lr=False, verbose=True):
    """IO."""
    # Read JSON
    with open(json_filepath) as data_file:
        data = json.load(data_file)

    if verbose:
        # Convert back to JSON & print to stderr so we can verfiy that the tree
        # is correct.
        print(json.dumps(data, indent=4), file=sys.stderr)

    # Get edges
    edges = tree2graph(data, verbose)

    # Dump edge list in Graphviz DOT format
    with open(out_dot_path, 'w') as f:
        f.write('strict digraph tree {\n')
        if lr:
            f.write('rankdir="LR";\n')
        for row in edges:
            f.write('    "{0}" -> "{1}";\n'.format(*row))
        f.write('}\n')


def get_parser():
    """Get parser object for tree2graph.py."""
    from argparse import ArgumentParser, ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
    parser = ArgumentParser(description=__doc__,
                            formatter_class=ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
    parser.add_argument("-i", "--input",
                        dest="json_filepath",
                        help="JSON FILE to read",
                        metavar="FILE",
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output",
                        dest="out_dot_path",
                        help="DOT FILE to write",
                        metavar="FILE",
                        required=True)
    return parser


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()
    args = get_parser().parse_args()
    main(args.json_filepath, args.out_dot_path, verbose=False)