为什么同步在第二个代码中不起作用？

Question

同步在此代码中正常工作:

    class PrintNumbers {
        synchronized public void display() {
            System.out.println("in display");
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                System.out.println("Thread name : "+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + " i= " + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.getMessage();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("out of display");
        }
    }

    class MyThread implements Runnable {
        Thread t;
        PrintNumbers printNumbers;

        MyThread(PrintNumbers printNumbers, String s) {
            this.printNumbers = printNumbers;
            t = new Thread(this,s);
            t.start();
        }

        public void run() {
            printNumbers.display();
        }
    }

    class SyncExample {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            PrintNumbers printNumbers = new PrintNumbers();

            new MyThread(printNumbers, "My Thread 1");
            new MyThread(printNumbers, "My Thread 2");
        }
    }

输出:

in display  
Thread name : My Thread 1 i= 0  
Thread name : My Thread 1 i= 1  
Thread name : My Thread 1 i= 2  
out of display
in display  
Thread name : My Thread 2 i= 0  
Thread name : My Thread 2 i= 1  
Thread name : My Thread 2 i= 2  
out of display

但不在此代码中:

    class PrintNumbers {
        synchronized public void display() {
            System.out.println("in display");
            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                System.out.println("Thread name : "+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + " i= " + i);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.getMessage();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("out of display");
        }
    }

    class MyThread implements Runnable {
        Thread t;
        PrintNumbers printNumbers;

        MyThread(String s) {
            this.printNumbers = new PrintNumbers();
            t = new Thread(this,s);
            t.start();
        }

        public void run() {
            printNumbers.display();
        }
    }

    class SyncExample {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new MyThread("My Thread 1");
            new MyThread("My Thread 2");
        }
    }

输出:

in display  
Thread name : My Thread 1 i= 0  
in display  
Thread name : My Thread 2 i= 0  
Thread name : My Thread 1 i= 1  
Thread name : My Thread 2 i= 1  
Thread name : My Thread 2 i= 2  
Thread name : My Thread 1 i= 2  
out of display  
out of display  

我无法理解同步在Runnable MyThread和SyncExample类中初始化PrintNumbers所做的差异.请解释.

Answer 1

我无法理解同步在Runnable MyThread和SyncExample类中初始化PrintNumbers所做的差异.

它没有.什么做的事,在你的第一个例子中,你只有一个 PrintNumbers这两个线程共享实例.但在第二个示例中,您有两个单独的PrintNumbers实例,每个实例对应一个实例.

由于PrintNumbers#display在实例上进行同步(synchronized实例方法同步this),它只在实例内同步,而不是在多个实例之间同步.

当两个线程共享一个实例时,两个调用将display被序列化.但是当每个线程都有自己的实例时,两个调用display都在不同的实例上,因此没有调用的序列化,它们可以重叠.