我怎样才能在每个元素中使用多个冒号解析/拆分此列表？创建字典

Question

我有以下Python列表:

list1 = ['EW:G:B<<LADHFSSFAFFF', 'CB:E:OWTOWTW', 'PP:E:A,A<F<AF', 'GR:A:OUO-1-XXX-EGD:forthyFive:1:HMJeCXX:7', 'SX:F:-111', 'DS:f:115.5', 'MW:AA:0', 'MA:A:0XT:i:0', 'EY:EE:KJERWEWERKJWE']

我想取这个列表的条目,并创建一个看起来像键值对的字典

dictionary_list1 = {'EW':'G:B<<LADHFSSFAFFF', 'CB':'E:OWTOWTW', 'PP':'E:A,A<F<AF', 'GR':'A:OUO-1-XXX-EGD:forthyFive:1:HMJeCXX:7', 'SX':'F:-111', 'DS':'f:115.5', 'MW':'AA:0', 'MA':'A:0XT:i:0', 'EW':'EE:KJERWEWERKJWE'}

如何解析/拆分上面的列表list1来执行此操作？我的第一直觉是尝试try1 = list1.split(":"),但后来我觉得不可能找到这个列表的"关键",因为有多个冒号:

什么是最pythonic的方式来做到这一点？

Answer 1

您可以指定要使用第二个参数分割的最大次数split.

list1 = ['EW:G:B<<LADHFSSFAFFF', 'CB:E:OWTOWTW', 'PP:E:A,A<F<AF', 'GR:A:OUO-1-XXX-EGD:forthyFive:1:HMJeCXX:7', 'SX:F:-111', 'DS:f:115.5', 'MW:AA:0', 'MA:A:0XT:i:0', 'EW:EE:KJERWEWERKJWE']
d = dict(item.split(':', 1) for item in list1)

结果:

>>> import pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(d)
{'CB': 'E:OWTOWTW',
 'DS': 'f:115.5',
 'EW': 'EE:KJERWEWERKJWE',
 'GR': 'A:OUO-1-XXX-EGD:forthyFive:1:HMJeCXX:7',
 'MA': 'A:0XT:i:0',
 'MW': 'AA:0',
 'PP': 'E:A,A<F<AF',
 'SX': 'F:-111'}

如果您想跟踪非唯一键的值,例如'EW:G:B<<LADHFSSFAFFF'和'EW:EE:KJERWEWERKJWE',您可以将键添加到collections.defaultdict:

import collections
d = collections.defaultdict(list)
for item in list1:
    k,v = item.split(':', 1)
    d[k].append(v)

结果:

>>> pprint.pprint(d)
{'CB': ['E:OWTOWTW'],
 'DS': ['f:115.5'],
 'EW': ['G:B<<LADHFSSFAFFF', 'EE:KJERWEWERKJWE'],
 'GR': ['A:OUO-1-XXX-EGD:forthyFive:1:HMJeCXX:7'],
 'MA': ['A:0XT:i:0'],
 'MW': ['AA:0'],
 'PP': ['E:A,A<F<AF'],
 'SX': ['F:-111']}