alv*_*vas 5 python shell paste delimiter text-files
在Python中以列方式串联多个文件的最快方法是什么?
假设我有两个文件,每个文件包含1,000,000,000行,每行约200个UTF8字符。
方法1:作弊paste
我可以paste在shell中使用linux系统将两个文件连接起来,并可以使用欺骗os.system,即:
def concat_files_cheat(file_path, file1, file2, output_path, output):
file1 = os.path.join(file_path, file1)
file2 = os.path.join(file_path, file2)
output = os.path.join(output_path, output)
if not os.path.exists(output):
os.system('paste ' + file1 + ' ' + file2 + ' > ' + output)
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方法2:使用嵌套的上下文管理器zip:
def concat_files_zip(file_path, file1, file2, output_path, output):
with open(output, 'wb') as fout:
with open(file1, 'rb') as fin1, open(file2, 'rb') as fin2:
for line1, line2 in zip(fin1, fin2):
fout.write(line1 + '\t' + line2)
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方法3:使用fileinput
是否fileinput并行遍历文件?还是它们会依次依次遍历每个文件?
如果是前者,我会假设它看起来像这样:
def concat_files_fileinput(file_path, file1, file2, output_path, output):
with fileinput.input(files=(file1, file2)) as f:
for line in f:
line1, line2 = process(line)
fout.write(line1 + '\t' + line2)
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方法4:对待他们像csv
with open(output, 'wb') as fout:
with open(file1, 'rb') as fin1, open(file2, 'rb') as fin2:
writer = csv.writer(w)
reader1, reader2 = csv.reader(fin1), csv.reader(fin2)
for line1, line2 in zip(reader1, reader2):
writer.writerow(line1 + '\t' + line2)
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给定数据大小,哪一个最快?
为什么一个选择另一个?我会丢失还是添加信息?
对于每种方法,我如何选择除,或以外的其他定界符\t?
还有其他方法可以明智地实现相同的串联列吗?他们快吗?
在所有四种方法中,我会选择第二种。但在实施过程中你必须注意一些小细节。(经过一些改进,需要0.002 秒,而原始实现大约需要6 秒;我正在处理的文件有 1M 行;但如果文件大 1K 倍,应该不会有太大差异,因为我们几乎没有使用内存) 。
与原始实施相比的变化:
例子:
def concat_iter(file1, file2, output):
with open(output, 'w', 1024) as fo, \
open(file1, 'r') as f1, \
open(file2, 'r') as f2:
fo.write("".join("{}\t{}".format(l1, l2)
for l1, l2 in izip(f1.readlines(1024),
f2.readlines(1024))))
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Profiler 原始解决方案。
我们看到最大的问题是 write 和 zip (主要是不使用迭代器并且必须处理/处理内存中的所有文件)。
~/personal/python-algorithms/files$ python -m cProfile sol_original.py
10000006 function calls in 5.208 seconds
Ordered by: standard name
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.000 0.000 5.208 5.208 sol_original.py:1(<module>)
1 2.422 2.422 5.208 5.208 sol_original.py:1(concat_files_zip)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
**9999999 1.713 0.000 1.713 0.000 {method 'write' of 'file' objects}**
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {open}
1 1.072 1.072 1.072 1.072 {zip}
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分析器:
~/personal/python-algorithms/files$ python -m cProfile sol1.py
3731 function calls in 0.002 seconds
Ordered by: standard name
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.002 sol1.py:1(<module>)
1 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.002 sol1.py:3(concat_iter6)
1861 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 sol1.py:5(<genexpr>)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
1860 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 {method 'format' of 'str' objects}
1 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.002 {method 'join' of 'str' objects}
2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'readlines' of 'file' objects}
**1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'write' of 'file' objects}**
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {open}
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在 python 3 中甚至更快,因为迭代器是内置的,我们不需要导入任何库。
~/personal/python-algorithms/files$ python3.5 -m cProfile sol2.py
843 function calls (842 primitive calls) in 0.001 seconds
[...]
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而且很高兴看到内存消耗和文件系统访问证实了我们之前所说的:
$ /usr/bin/time -v python sol1.py
Command being timed: "python sol1.py"
User time (seconds): 0.01
[...]
Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 7120
Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 914
[...]
File system outputs: 40
Socket messages sent: 0
Socket messages received: 0
$ /usr/bin/time -v python sol_original.py
Command being timed: "python sol_original.py"
User time (seconds): 5.64
[...]
Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 1752852
Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 427697
[...]
File system inputs: 0
File system outputs: 327696
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