为ASP .NET MVC创建单元测试的问题

Question

我正在为我的ASP .NET MVC Controller类创建一些单元测试,我遇到了一些非常奇怪的错误:

我的控制器代码如下:

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Delete(JournalViewModel journal)
{
    var selectedJournal = Mapper.Map<JournalViewModel, Journal>(journal);

    var opStatus = _journalRepository.DeleteJournal(selectedJournal);
    if (!opStatus.Status)
        throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound));

    return RedirectToAction("Index");
}

我的测试代码如下:

[TestMethod]
public void Delete_Journal()
{
    // Arrange

    // Simulate PDF file
    HttpPostedFileBase mockFile = Mock.Create<HttpPostedFileBase>();
    Mock.Arrange(() => mockFile.FileName).Returns("Test.pdf");
    Mock.Arrange(() => mockFile.ContentLength).Returns(255);

    // Create view model to send.
    JournalViewModel journalViewModel = new JournalViewModel();
    journalViewModel.Id = 1;
    journalViewModel.Title = "Test";
    journalViewModel.Description = "TestDesc";
    journalViewModel.FileName = "TestFilename.pdf";
    journalViewModel.UserId = 1;
    journalViewModel.File = mockFile; // Add simulated file

    Mock.Arrange(() => journalRepository.DeleteJournal(null)).Returns(new OperationStatus
    {
        Status = true
    });

    // Act
    PublisherController controller = new PublisherController(journalRepository, membershipRepository);
    RedirectToRouteResult result = controller.Delete(journalViewModel) as RedirectToRouteResult;

    // Assert
    Assert.AreEqual(result.RouteValues["Action"], "Index");
}

问题1 - 映射异常:

每次运行测试时,我都会收到以下异常:

测试名称:Delete_Journal测试
FullName:Journals.Web.Tests.Controllers.PublisherControllerTest.Delete_Journal
测试源:\ Source\Journals.Web.Tests\Controllers\PublisherControllerTest.cs:第132行
测试结果:失败测试持续时间:0 :00:00 ,3822468

结果StackTrace:位于\ sources\Journals.Web\Controllers\PublisherController.cs中的Journals.Web.Controllers.PublisherController.Delete(JournalViewModel journal):位于Journals.Web.Tests.Controllers.PublisherControllerTest.Delete_Journal()的第81行\来源\\Journals.Web.Tests\Controllers\PublisherControllerTest.cs:第156行结果消息:测试方法Journals.Web.Tests.Controllers.PublisherControllerTest.Delete_Journal引发异常:AutoMapper.AutoMapperMappingException:缺少类型映射配置或不支持的映射.

映射类型:JournalViewModel - > Journal Journals.Model.JournalViewModel - > Journals.Model.Journal

目的地路径:期刊

来源价值:Journals.Model.JournalViewModel

它似乎有类之间的映射问题JournalViewModel和Journal,但是我不知道在哪里是.我将此代码添加到Application_Start中Global.asax.cs:

Mapper.CreateMap<Journal, JournalViewModel>();
Mapper.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();

从映射Journal到JournalViewModel工作正在进行中.

最后我尝试添加Mapper.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();作为方法的第一行Delete然后一切正常,但我不知道为什么.

问题2 - HTML异常

使用上面的解决方法运行映射后,我遇到一个问题,即属性Statusfrom var opStatus = _journalRepository.DeleteJournal(selectedJournal);始终为false,即使我使用Mock覆盖它并使其始终为true.这会导致抛出不应发生的HTML异常.

编辑

我在Application_Start中更改为:

Mapper.Initialize(cfg =>
{
    cfg.CreateMap<Journal, JournalViewModel>();
    cfg.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();
});

但我仍然有同样的错误.

编辑 - 问题2解决了

事实证明,我忘了将映射添加到我的单元测试类,所以我做了以下事情:

[TestInitialize]
public void TestSetup()
{
    // Create necessary mappings
    Mapper.CreateMap<Journal, JournalViewModel>();
    Mapper.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();

    //...other code omitted for brevity
}

事实证明,这是问题的根源.我认为,因为在单元测试中从不调用Global.asax.cs Application_Start(),所以从不创建Mapping,所以我必须在单元测试初始化​​中自己完成.

Answer 1

问题1

Automapper同时具有静态和实例API.您应该考虑使用实例API IMapper并将其注入控制器.

public class PublisherController : Controller {
    private readonly IMapper mapper;

    public PublisherController(IJournalRepository journalRepository, IMembershipRepositry membershipRepository, IMapper mapper) {
        //...other code omitted for brevity
        this.mapper = mapper;
    }

    //...other code omitted for brevity

    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public ActionResult Delete(JournalViewModel journal) {
        var selectedJournal = mapper.Map<JournalViewModel, Journal>(journal);

        var opStatus = _journalRepository.DeleteJournal(selectedJournal);
        if (!opStatus.Status)
            throw new System.Web.Http.HttpResponseException(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound));

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }
}

这将允许根据需要更好地模拟/伪装/配置映射.您应确保配置IMapper依赖注入到控制器中.

如果您无法更改为实例api,则需要在运行测试之前确保映射器为Initialize

Mapper.Initialize(cfg => {
    cgf.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();
});

问题2

你在考试中的安排是

Mock.Arrange(() => journalRepository.DeleteJournal(null)).Returns(new OperationStatus
{
    Status = true
});

这是因为您意识到不适用于journalRepository.DeleteJournal使用实际实例调用的情况.假设您正在使用来自Telerik的JustMock,您应该安排更灵活的参数.

Mock.Arrange(() => journalRepository.DeleteJournal(Arg.IsAny<Journal>())).Returns(new OperationStatus
{
    Status = true
});

资料来源:JustMock安排中的处理参数

完整测试:实例API

[TestMethod]
public void Delete_Journal() {
    // Arrange

    //Configure mapping just for this test but something like this
    //should be in accessible from your composition root and called here.
    var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => {
        cfg.CreateMap<Journal, JournalViewModel>();
        cfg.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();
    });

    var mapper = config.CreateMapper(); // IMapper

    // Simulate PDF file
    var mockFile = Mock.Create<HttpPostedFileBase>();
    Mock.Arrange(() => mockFile.FileName).Returns("Test.pdf");
    Mock.Arrange(() => mockFile.ContentLength).Returns(255);

    // Create view model to send.
    var journalViewModel = new JournalViewModel();
    journalViewModel.Id = 1;
    journalViewModel.Title = "Test";
    journalViewModel.Description = "TestDesc";
    journalViewModel.FileName = "TestFilename.pdf";
    journalViewModel.UserId = 1;
    journalViewModel.File = mockFile; // Add simulated file

    var status = new OperationStatus {
        Status = true
    };

    Mock.Arrange(() => journalRepository.DeleteJournal(Arg.IsAny<Journal>())).Returns(status);

    var controller = new PublisherController(journalRepository, membershipRepository, mapper);

    // Act        
    var result = controller.Delete(journalViewModel) as RedirectToRouteResult;

    // Assert
    Assert.AreEqual(result.RouteValues["Action"], "Index");
}

完整测试:静态API

[TestMethod]
public void Delete_Journal() {
    // Arrange

    //Configure mapping just for this test but something like this
    //should be in accessible from your composition root and called here.
    Mapper.Initialize(cfg => {
        cfg.CreateMap<Journal, JournalViewModel>();
        cfg.CreateMap<JournalViewModel, Journal>();
    });

    // Simulate PDF file
    var mockFile = Mock.Create<HttpPostedFileBase>();
    Mock.Arrange(() => mockFile.FileName).Returns("Test.pdf");
    Mock.Arrange(() => mockFile.ContentLength).Returns(255);

    // Create view model to send.
    var journalViewModel = new JournalViewModel();
    journalViewModel.Id = 1;
    journalViewModel.Title = "Test";
    journalViewModel.Description = "TestDesc";
    journalViewModel.FileName = "TestFilename.pdf";
    journalViewModel.UserId = 1;
    journalViewModel.File = mockFile; // Add simulated file

    var status = new OperationStatus {
        Status = true
    };

    Mock.Arrange(() => journalRepository.DeleteJournal(Arg.IsAny<Journal>())).Returns(status);

    var controller = new PublisherController(journalRepository, membershipRepository);

    // Act        
    var result = controller.Delete(journalViewModel) as RedirectToRouteResult;

    // Assert
    Assert.AreEqual(result.RouteValues["Action"], "Index");
}