如何在Python中配置到syslog的日志记录？

Question

我无法理解Python的logging模块.我的需求非常简单:我只想将所有内容记录到syslog中.阅读文档后,我想出了这个简单的测试脚本:

import logging
import logging.handlers

my_logger = logging.getLogger('MyLogger')
my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler()

my_logger.addHandler(handler)

my_logger.debug('this is debug')
my_logger.critical('this is critical')

但是此脚本不会在syslog中生成任何日志记录.怎么了？

Answer 1

将行更改为:

handler = SysLogHandler(address='/dev/log')

这适合我

import logging
import logging.handlers

my_logger = logging.getLogger('MyLogger')
my_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address = '/dev/log')

my_logger.addHandler(handler)

my_logger.debug('this is debug')
my_logger.critical('this is critical')

Answer 2

您应始终使用本地主机进行日志记录,无论是通过TCP堆栈还是/ dev/log或localhost.这允许完全符合RFC且功能强大的系统日志记录守护程序来处理syslog.这消除了远程守护进程功能的需要,并提供了syslog守护进程的增强功能,例如rsyslog和syslog-ng.SMTP也是如此.只需将其交给本地SMTP软件即可.在这种情况下使用'程序模式'而不是守护进程,但它是相同的想法.让功能更强大的软件处理它.可以重试,排队,本地假脱机,使用TCP而不是UDP来进行系统日志等.您也可以[代码]单独[重新]配置这些守护程序.

保存您的应用程序编码,让其他软件协同工作.

Answer 3

我发现syslog模块可以很容易地获得您描述的基本日志记录行为:

import syslog
syslog.syslog("This is a test message")
syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Test message at INFO priority")

还有其他一些你可以做的事情,但即便只是前两行也会让你得到我所理解的东西.

Answer 4

从这里和其他地方拼凑起来的东西,这就是我提出的可以在unbuntu 12.04和centOS6上运行的东西

/etc/rsyslog.d/在.conf中创建一个文件并添加以下文本

local6.*        /var/log/my-logfile

重新启动rsyslog,重新加载似乎不适用于新的日志文件.也许它只重新加载现有的conf文件？

sudo restart rsyslog

然后你可以使用这个测试程序来确保它确实有效.

import logging, sys
from logging import config

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'formatters': {
        'verbose': {
            'format': '%(levelname)s %(module)s P%(process)d T%(thread)d %(message)s'
            },
        },
    'handlers': {
        'stdout': {
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
            'stream': sys.stdout,
            'formatter': 'verbose',
            },
        'sys-logger6': {
            'class': 'logging.handlers.SysLogHandler',
            'address': '/dev/log',
            'facility': "local6",
            'formatter': 'verbose',
            },
        },
    'loggers': {
        'my-logger': {
            'handlers': ['sys-logger6','stdout'],
            'level': logging.DEBUG,
            'propagate': True,
            },
        }
    }

config.dictConfig(LOGGING)


logger = logging.getLogger("my-logger")

logger.debug("Debug")
logger.info("Info")
logger.warn("Warn")
logger.error("Error")
logger.critical("Critical")

Answer 5

我添加了一些额外的评论以防万一它可以帮助任何人,因为我发现这个交换有用,但需要这些额外的信息来使它全部工作.

要使用SysLogHandler登录到特定设施,您需要指定设施值.比如你已经定义了:

local3.* /var/log/mylog

在syslog中,那么你将要使用:

handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address = ('localhost',514), facility=19)

并且您还需要在UDP上侦听syslog以使用localhost而不是/ dev/log.

Answer 6

您的syslog.conf是否设置为处理facility = user？

您可以使用facility参数设置python logger使用的工具,如下所示:

handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(facility=SysLogHandler.LOG_DAEMON)

Answer 7

import syslog
syslog.openlog(ident="LOG_IDENTIFIER",logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=syslog.LOG_LOCAL0)
syslog.syslog('Log processing initiated...')

上面的脚本将使用我们的自定义"LOG_IDENTIFIER"登录LOCAL0工具......您可以将LOCAL [0-7]用于本地目的.

Answer 8

来自https://github.com/luismartingil/per.scripts/tree/master/python_syslog

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'''
Implements a new handler for the logging module which uses the pure syslog python module.

@author:  Luis Martin Gil
@year: 2013
'''
import logging
import syslog

class SysLogLibHandler(logging.Handler):
    """A logging handler that emits messages to syslog.syslog."""
    FACILITY = [syslog.LOG_LOCAL0,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL1,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL2,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL3,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL4,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL5,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL6,
                syslog.LOG_LOCAL7]
    def __init__(self, n):
        """ Pre. (0 <= n <= 7) """
        try:
            syslog.openlog(logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=self.FACILITY[n])
        except Exception , err:
            try:
                syslog.openlog(syslog.LOG_PID, self.FACILITY[n])
            except Exception, err:
                try:
                    syslog.openlog('my_ident', syslog.LOG_PID, self.FACILITY[n])
                except:
                    raise
        # We got it
        logging.Handler.__init__(self)

    def emit(self, record):
        syslog.syslog(self.format(record))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    """ Lets play with the log class. """
    # Some variables we need
    _id = 'myproj_v2.0'
    logStr = 'debug'
    logFacilityLocalN = 1

    # Defines a logging level and logging format based on a given string key.
    LOG_ATTR = {'debug': (logging.DEBUG,
                          _id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(name)-15s %(threadName)-14s +%(lineno)-4d %(message)s'),
                'info': (logging.INFO,
                         _id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s'),
                'warning': (logging.WARNING,
                            _id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s'),
                'error': (logging.ERROR,
                          _id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s'),
                'critical': (logging.CRITICAL,
                             _id + ' %(levelname)-9s %(message)s')}
    loglevel, logformat = LOG_ATTR[logStr]

    # Configuring the logger
    logger = logging.getLogger()
    logger.setLevel(loglevel)

    # Clearing previous logs
    logger.handlers = []

    # Setting formaters and adding handlers.
    formatter = logging.Formatter(logformat)
    handlers = []
    handlers.append(SysLogLibHandler(logFacilityLocalN))
    for h in handlers:
        h.setFormatter(formatter)
        logger.addHandler(h)

    # Yep!
    logging.debug('test debug')
    logging.info('test info')
    logging.warning('test warning')
    logging.error('test error')
    logging.critical('test critical')