即使证书链更新,Python(pip)也会抛出[SSL:CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]

Question

这是之前SO帖子的后续内容.

我正在使用Windows/cygwin,我需要python来理解自定义CA证书,因为网络基础结构使用自己的证书重新签名所有SSL请求.

如果我尝试运行pip search SimpleHTTPServer,我收到以下错误消息:

...
  File "c:\users\erbe\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\ssl.py", line 633, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:645)

我尝试通过执行以下操作将证书添加到我的可信证书列表中:

1. 将我的.pem文件复制到/ etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors
2. update-ca-trust extract

我已经验证这是有效的,因为我现在可以指向生成的PEM文件并成功运行pip pip --cert /usr/local/ssl/cert.pem search SimpleHTTPServer:

$ pip --cert tls-ca-bundle.pem search SimpleHTTPServer
ComplexHTTPServer (0.1)      - A Multithreaded Python SimpleHTTPServer
SimpleTornadoServer (1.0)    - better SimpleHTTPServer using tornado
rangehttpserver (1.2.0)      - SimpleHTTPServer with support for Range requests

但是,我希望这一点无需每次都手动指定证书.我希望更新python使用的证书链:

$ python -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())"
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile=None, capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs')

我已经通过一系列符号链接验证了/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem指向同一个文件.但是,如果我执行pip,我仍然会收到[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]错误消息.

我卸载了Windows版本的python,并重新安装了Cygwin版本的python.有了它,我跑了easy_install-2.7 pip.现在至少我能够使用完整的证书路径执行pip而不会出现错误消息:

$ pip --cert /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem search simpleHttpServer
LittleHTTPServer (0.5.0)     - Little bit extended SimpleHTTPServer
SimpleHTTP404Server (0.2.0)  - A Python SimpleHTTPServer, but serves 404.html if a page is not found.
django-localsrv (0.1.2)      - Django app for serving static content from different sources (files, strings, urls, etc.) at custom paths,

为了安全起见,我还尝试更新SSL_CERT_DIR变量以指向/ etc/pki/ca-trust-extracted/pem并将SSL_CERT_FILE设置为/ etc/pki/ca-trust-extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle .pem但这些不起作用:

$ set | grep SSL
SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem
SSL_CERT_FILE=/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem

$ python -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())"
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem', capath='/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem', openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/ssl/certs')


$ pip search simpleHttpServer
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  ...
  ...
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 477, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)

我究竟做错了什么？这是一个cygwin vs Windows问题吗？我需要更新哪些PEM文件？

Answer 1

您可以将pip命令行选项默认值添加到其配置文件中.在Windows中,它应位于%APPDATA%\ pip\pip.ini下.

要添加证书,请在文件中添加以下行:

[global]
cert = windows path to your certificate