如何用R复制这个情节？

Question

我需要以与图1所示相同的格式制作几个时间序列图.我对格式本身感兴趣.

我将非常感谢你的帮助.

这是一个模拟数据的最小例子

    set.seed(1234)
    nobs<-50
    x<-rnorm(nobs,0,10)
    t<-seq(1,nobs)
    data<-ts(20+x+t, freq=4, start=c(2004,1))
    par(family="serif")
    plot(data, lwd=2, col="blue4", ylab="Millions")
    title(main="Gráfico 1. Evolución del ...")
    legend(2010,10,"GDP", col="blue4",lwd=2)
    abline(lm(data~t), lwd=2, col="red") # This does not work 

Answer 1

我假设您的数据是一个ts对象,如您的示例所示.这是一种使用base图形的方法.我们从最小的情节开始,然后在元素上分层.首先,最小的情节,确保在第1侧(即底部)留下大量空间:

par(mar = c(8, 4, 4, 2), family = "serif", las = 1)
plot(data, 
  frame = FALSE,
  xaxt = "n", 
  ylab = "Millones de pesos", xlab = "", 
  main = "Gráfico 1. Evolución del ...",
  col = "darkblue", lwd = 2)
fit <- forecast::tslm(data ~ trend)
lines(fitted(fit), col = "red", lwd = 2)

请注意,上面我们forecast::tslm用来获取时间序列的时间趋势.现在,添加x轴元素.我mtext用来插入刻度标签:

axis(1, at = seq(2003.875, 2015.875, 1), tck = -.2, labels = FALSE)
mtext(rep(c("ener-mar", "abril-jun", "jul-sep", "oct-dic"), l = length(data)),
  side = 1, line = 0.25, las = 2,
  at = seq(tsp(data)[1], tsp(data)[2], by = 1/tsp(data)[3]),
  cex = .6)
mtext(2004:2016, side = 1, line = 3, at = seq(2004.3, 2016.3), cex = .7)
title(xlab = "Trimestres", line = 5, cex.lab = .8)

完成传说:

par(xpd = TRUE)
legend(2010, -27, c("PIB", "Tendencia PIB"), 
  bty = "n",
  xjust = .5,
  lty = c(1, 1),
  col = c("darkblue", "red"),
  cex = .7,
  horiz = TRUE)

输出: